AnP - Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

2 divisions of the skeleton

axial and appendicular skeleton

Axial skeleton consists of..?

skull, thorax, and vertebral column

Appendicular skeleton consists of…?

bones of arms, legs, pelvis, shoulder area

What are bones?

Solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium salts

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7 (C1-C7)

What is C1 called?

Atlas

What is the purpose of atlas and where is it connected?

This joint allows you to nod your head yes and is connected to the occipital bone

What is C2 called?

Axis

What is the purpose of axis and where is it connected?

This acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skill

What bones do you use to shake your head “no”?

The joint between C1 and C2

How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?

12 (T1-T12)

How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?

5 (L1-L5)

What is the Sacrum?

It’s formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae; it’s the triangle in-between the 2 hip bones

What is the Coccyx?

Tailbone; fusion of 3-5 tiny irregularly-shaped vertebrae

What is the bony thorax?

Thoracic cage; consists of sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

What is the Sternum?

breastbone, flat bone; fusion of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

How many bones are in the ribs?

12 pairs

What are true ribs?

1st 7 pairs because they are attached to the sternum

What are false ribs?

Next 5 pairs; either attached indirectly to the sternum or not attached to it at all

What are floating ribs?

last 2 pairs that are not attached to the sternum at all (dorsal)

How many bones are in the cranium?

8 bones

What are the bones in the cranium?

1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid, and 1 ethmoid

Where is the parietal located?

Top of the skull

Where is the frontal located?

Forehead

Where is the temporal located?

Temples; side and the base of the skull (near jaw and ears)

Where is the occipital located?

Connected to C1 and back of the skull

What is the sphenoid?

Bat-shaped interior bone; forming part of the cranial floor that connects the cranium to facial bones

What is the ethmoid?

Cube-shaped interior bone in the center of the skull between the eyes

How many facial bones are there?

14 bones

What is the maxillae?

Upper jaw bones

What is the mandible?

Lower jaw bones

What are zygomatic bones?

Cheek bones

What is the nasal?

Nose bone

What is the inferior nasal concha?

Inside the nasal, bottom bone that helps to filter, humidify, and warm the air we breathe in

What is the palatine?

Part of the nasal cavity and palate

What is the vomer?

1 of this bone is located in the center of the nasal cavity

What is the clavicle and its purpose?

Collarbone; acts as a brace to hold arm away from the top of the thorax and helps prevent shoulder dislocation

What is the humorous?

Upper arm bone

What is the scapula?

Shoulder blades

What is the radius?

Lateral bone of the forearm on the thumb side

What is the ulna?

Medial bone of the forearm on the pinky side

Hands are made up of?

8 carpals (wrist), 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges (palm)

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

2 coxal bones (hip bones)

What makes up the hip bones?

3 fused bones - ilium, ischium, and pubis

What is the ilium?

It forms most of the hip bone (you rest on them when you rest your hands on your hips)

What is the ischium?

“Sit down” bone; most of the inferior part

What is the pubis?

Pubic bone; anterior part of the coral bone

What is pubis symphysis?

Cartilaginous joint formed by the pubic bones

What is the acetabulum?

Socket where the ilium, ischium, and pubis bone fuse; receives the head of the thigh bone

What is the femur?

Thigh bone; heaviest and strongest bone in the body

What is the tibia?

Shin bone; longer and medial bone of the calf; weight bearing

What is the fibula?

lateral bone of the calf

Feet are made up of?

7 tarsal bones (posterior half of the foot), 5 metatarsals (sole), 14 phalanges (toes), and calcaneus (heel)