ANIMAL SCIENCE FINAL

Why is it possible to advance swine genetics faster than cattle

swine have shorter gestation periods

swine have more offspring per litter

swine have multiple litters a year

Draft breeds are considered to be "____________" blood

cold blood

Gestation length in Equine

11 months

Broiler Chickens are mainly produced in the broiler belt which is located in what part of the United States

Southerneastern

In sheep and cattle, what are the order of sex classification from earliest maturing to latest maturing

female, castrated male, intact male

Factors that affect growth of a meat animal

sex

age

genetics

Horses structure where feed is fermented

cecum

Hogs order of sex classification

Barrow, Gilt, Boar

When energy requirement exceed levels that are required for maintenance animals will exhibit

fat deposit

which country is the leading pork producer in the world

china

What injects do piglet require

iron

Neurological and chronic wasting disease is related to

prion

Breed of duck utilized for commercial meet production

Pekin

Economically important tisues

muscle

bone

fat

Primary use for equine

recreational

What framed animals are considered '' later maturing" and " earlier maturing"

small framed- " ealier"

large framed- " later"

Gestation length for hogs ( weeks, days, months)

3weeks 3days 3months

Desirable characteristics in commercial poultry

white colored plumage

Meat has a high ____________ value, where all the amino acids humans need are present in the right amount

biological

Which species has the longest gestation period

cattle

goat

sheep

Cattle - 9 month

Goat Market weight

50-60lbs

Marbling of meat refers to fat that is:

Dispersed within the muscle

Vertical integration refers to

control of two or more industry segments

one form owning or partially owning multiple parts

what percentage of California Dairy diet is byproduct

40%

What grading system is used to predict flavor (marbling) and marketed to the consumer

Quality

Yield Grade

amount of meat only matter to producer

Quality Grades

Prime

Choice

Select

standard

A producer who raises specialized animals that are selected on their genetic value is called a _______________ producer

Purebred

What kind of operation is a commercial

Cow-calf

what kind of operation is a Feedlot operation

Finishing

Factors that affect milk production

temperature

humidity

breed

How are beef cattle sorted

Frame size

sex

color

Reason for sheep decline are

Demand after WW2

Skilled labor shortage

Competition for land and resources

The Genetic base for what breeds is narrowing and why

Dairy: AI

Swine: large litters

Feed conversion rate for cattle

6: 1

Feed conversion rate for poultry

1.75: 1

Feed conversion rate for swine

3: 1

Feed conversion rate for goat

4: 1

Feed conversion rate for sheep

4: 1

#1 dairy state

California

How has the dairy industry increased efficiency and sustainability

decreased carbon footprint

decreased water usage

deceased land usage

Gestation length for cattle

270 days

9 months

Goal for sheep producers is to have what type of lambing rate percentage

200%

Goats adapt to a greater variety of environments due to

size

conservation of body water

fat deposition

Beef Heifers are typically bred to calve at what age

2 years

Why is parasite control an important issue in both the sheep and goat industries

There is less research and development of products for both industries

Products are not specifically labeled for use in sheep and goats

off label use of product can cause parasitic resistance in both species

Benefits of pasteurization

helps maintain freshness

protects the flavor of the milk

Gestation length for sheep

147 days

Beef cattle are typically harvested at what weight

1100-1500

average 1350

Estrous cycle in sheep

17 days

Steer

castrated male cattle

sheep provide humans with

meat

fiber

hide

Heifer

young female cattle that has not given birth

Ram

intact male sheep

Ewe

female sheep

Buck

intact male goat

Doe

female goat

estrus

standing heat

cull

removal of unproductive animal from the herd

wean

to remove a young animal form the mother to prevent nursing

Colostrum

Nutrient-rich milk from mother following birth

docking

the act of removing the tail of a young lamb

lactation

period when a female produces milk after birth

wet cow

cow that is lactating

cow

mature female cattle

gestation

length of pregnancy

dry cow

cow that is not lactating

anestrous

female that is not receptive to the male

4 factors for calculating yeild grade in cattle

Hot carcass weight

fat thickness 12th rib

% KPH

ribey area

Biosecurity

measures taken to reduce the spread of disease

1 certified organic chicken state

california

Horses are measured by hands. One hand= ____ inches

4

State that has most pork production in the United States

Iowa

Warm blood

cross between thoroughbred and draft breeds

Hot blood

throughbred

Cold blood

draft breeds

ADG

how much weight an animal gains per day on average

( average daily gain )

Barrow

castrated male swine

Mare

Mature female horse

Active immunity

immunity developed after exposure to infectious agent

Stallion

mature intact male horse

Broiler

chicken utilized for meat production

anitbody

recognizes infectious agents

gelding

castrated male horse

gilt

young female swine

filly

young female horse

boar

intact male swine

passive immunity

immunity passed on via placenta/ milk

colt

young intact male horse

sow

mature female swine

layer

chicken utilized for egg production

immunity

ability to resist infection

swine digestive system

monogastric

cattle digestive system

ruminant

equine digestive system

hind gut fermenter

market weigth hog

250

gestation length hogs

114 days

What are the 4 locations of fat deposition in order of deposition.

Internal, Subcutaneous, Intermuscular, Intramuscular

What are the requirements for a disease to be considered infectious. (Name all 4)

Entrance to host ( enter a host )

Adapt to the environment

Exit host

Infect another host