Fungi & Lichens, Plant Biology, Plant Phyla,

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27 Terms

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Plasmogamy

Fusion of cytoplasm in fungi.

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Karyogamy

Fusion of nuclei.

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Syngamy

Combined fertilization event (plasmogamy + karyogamy).

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Mycorrhizae

Mutualism: fungi provide nutrients, plants provide sugars.

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Lichen Photobiont

Green algae or cyanobacteria.

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Lichens and Soil Formation

Lichens break down rock and trap particles, forming soil.

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Alternation of Generations

Life cycle alternating between gametophyte (n) and sporophyte (2n).

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Megasporangia

Produce megaspores → female gametophytes.

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Microsporangia

Produce microspores → pollen (male gametophytes).

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Key Angiosperm Adaptation

Flowers increase pollination success.

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Freshwater Algae

Green algae (Chlorophyta).

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Bryophyta

Mosses

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nonvascular plants.

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Pteridophyta

Ferns

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seedless vascular plants.

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Coniferophyta

Conifers

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gymnosperms.

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Anthophyta

Flowering plants

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angiosperms.

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Monocots

One cotyledon

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parallel veins

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scattered bundles

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flower parts in 3s.

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Dicots

Two cotyledons

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branched veins

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ring vascular bundles

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flower parts in 4s or 5s.