Neurons, Synapses, and Neurotransmitters (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to synapses, neurotransmitters, and their actions.

Synapse

Junction between the tips of the sending neuron and the cell body (or dendrite) of the receiving neuron.

Synaptic gap / cleft

Tiny gap at the synapse across which neurotransmitters travel to reach the next neuron.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.

Reuptake

Reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron after signal transmission.

Acetylcholine

A well-understood neurotransmitter; plays a role in learning and memory.

Endorphins

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain relief and pleasure (e.g., runner’s high).

Agonist

A molecule that binds to a receptor site and stimulates a response; can mimic natural neurotransmitters.

Antagonist

A molecule that binds to a receptor site and inhibits or blocks a response.

Receptor site

The location on a neuron where neurotransmitters bind to produce a response.

Botulin (Botox)

A toxin used in very small doses to paralyze facial muscles, smoothing wrinkles.