The Three Domains of Life and Cell Cycle Regulation

A set of flashcards covering the three domains of life, their characteristics, and detailed aspects of cell cycle regulation.

Three phylogenetic domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya, determined through ribosomal RNA sequences.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom of Eukarya that produces its own food via photosynthesis.

Kingdom Fungi

The kingdom of Eukarya that absorbs nutrients from their surroundings.

Kingdom Animalia

The kingdom of Eukarya that ingests its food.

Domain Archaea characteristics

Traits shared with bacteria and eukaryotes, lack peptidoglycan, many are extremophiles.

Gene Density in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Generally higher in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

Introns in Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Absent in Bacteria, present in some genes of Archaea, present in most genes of multicellular Eukaryotes.

Response to Streptomycin and Chloramphenicol

Bacteria's growth is inhibited, Archaea and Eukarya's growth is not inhibited.

DNA structure

Bacteria and Archaea have circular chromosomes, while Eukarya have linear chromosomes.

Initiator Amino Acids

Bacteria use Formyl-methionine; Archaea and Eukarya use Methionine.

G1 Phase

The first sub-phase of Interphase where the cell grows and performs normal functions.

S Phase

The sub-phase of Interphase where DNA replication and chromosome duplication occurs.

G2 Phase

The sub-phase of Interphase where the cell prepares for division by replicating organelles and checking DNA.

Role of p53 protein

Triggers DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, or apoptosis in response to DNA damage.

Cyclins and CDKs

Cyclins activate CDKs to control the cell cycle; CDKs are stable but inactive until bound.

Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC)

Triggers destruction of cohesins and initiates degradation of M-phase cyclins.

G0 Phase

A quiescent state where the cell has exited the cycle and is not preparing to divide.

Analogy for the Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is like an automated production line with interphase as preparation and checkpoints as quality control.