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Hydrogen bonding is…
electrostatic attraction between a very electron deficient atom and a lone pair
Hydrogen bonds form in molecules with very…
polarised bonds and lone pairs
N<O<F e.g contains either…
N, O, F bonded to H
Attraction between H+ and lone pair on X forms a…
hydrogen bond
Properties of hydrogen bonds:
melting/boiling point:
reason:
higher melting and boiling point, strong h-h bond needs more energy to break
Properties of hydrogen bonds:
ice's behaviour:
reason:
ice floats on water, long h bonds hold water molecules apart in lattice structure, larger volume than liquid water
Properties of hydrogen bonds:
surface tension/viscosity:
reason:
high surface tension and viscosity, strong h bond needs to be broken
Top of groups are…
more electronegative
H2O has hydrogen bonding, so its…
stronger, needs more energy to overcome