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Albert E. Bandura
Published an article entitled "Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change
The Bobo Doll Experiment
sample children were presented with new social models of violent and nonviolent behavior toward an inflatable
Social Learning Theory
focuses on what people learn from observing and interacting with other people
Social Cognitive Theory
states that people are active participants in their environment and are not simply shaped by that environment.
Self Efficacy Theory
based on the assumption that psychological procedures serve as a means of creating and strengthening expectations of personal efficacy
Outcome Expectancy
a person's estimate that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes.
Efficacy Expectations
the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior to produce the outcomes.
performance accomplishments or mastery experiences
vicarious experiences
verbal or social persuasion
physiological (somatic and emotional) states.
FOUR MAIN SOURCES OF INFLUENCE BY WHICH A PERSON'S SELF-EFFICACY IS DEVELOPED AND MAINTAINED
Mastery Experiences
most effective ways to create a strong sense of efficacy.
"Successes build a robust belief in one's personal efficacy. Failures undermined it, especially if failures occur before a sense of efficacy is firmly established"
Vicarious Experiences
through observance of social models also influence one's perception of self-efficacy
experiencing something through observation rather than in person.
Verbal or Social Persuasion
is "a way of strengthening people's beliefs that they have what it takes to succeed."
Carol S. Dweck
Author of “Mindset: The New Psychology of Success”
Fixed Mindset
Growth Mindset
Types of Mindset
Fixed Mindset
People who believe that success is based on their innate abilities have a "fixed" theory of intelligence.
Growth Mindset
People who believe that success is based on hardwork, learning, training, and perseverance have growth theory of intelligence, which goes under growth mindset.