Research Ethics and Informed Consent

PHIL 314 EXAM 1

Who are vulnerable research groups?

Children, prisoners, the poor, the sick, women, and animals.

What is informed consent?

Knowing and understanding what you're agreeing to.

What makes informed consent hard?

Complicated info, long forms, and legal language.

What are the 5 phases of clinical trials?

Phase 0 (early check), 1 (safety), 2 (effectiveness), 3 (comparison), 4 (long-term study).

What's the difference between research and therapy?

Research finds new knowledge; therapy helps the patient feel better.

Why is using placebos controversial?

It may deceive patients and limit real treatment.

Do most research projects help participants?

No, they mainly aim to get new information.

Why offshore clinical trials?

It's cheaper, but risks consent and safety

What's wrong with consent forms?

They're hard to understand.

What's tricky about children in research?

They can't fully decide for themselves.

Why are prisoners in research controversial?

Consent may not be truly free.

What was wrong with the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

Deception, no consent, racism, and harm

What's the problem with using bad/immoral research?

It harms trust and may give false results.

Why are the poor and uneducated at risk in research?

Easier to exploit with money or pressure.

What challenges come with terminally ill patients in research?

Desperation and limited time.

What's speciesism?

Prioritizing humans over animals

What's difficult with research on people with disabilities?

Consent and increased risk of harm.

Why were women often excluded from studies?

To avoid pregnancy issues, but it caused lack of research on women's health.

What are the Belmont Report's three ethics rules?

Respect for persons, beneficence (do good), and justice (be fair).