U.S. History 1 Hon Ch. 4

What economic system involves government intervention to increase national wealth?

Mercantilism

What policy did the English adopt to achieve a favorable balance of trade?

Mercantilism

How did British colonies contribute to Mercantilism?

Allowed the British to buy from themselves instead of other nations.

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

To end Dutch dominance in overseas trade.

What was required for all trades from or to Britain or its colonies?

Must be done through a British ship with British leaders.

What were enumerated goods?

Goods like tobacco, sugar, indigo, and rice that had to be shipped to Britain before exporting elsewhere.

What did Parliament do to help British merchants compete?

Subsidized certain goods such as linen and gunpowder.

What products were colonists not allowed to cultivate under the Navigation Acts?

Wool, felt hats, and iron.

How did smugglers relate to the Navigation Acts?

Smugglers defied these rules, especially when Britain was at war.

What was a significant aspect of the Triangle Trade?

Manufactured products to Africa, slaves to the Americas, natural products to Europe.

What percentage of British Colonies' profits came from West Indian Sugar?

About 50%.

Which colonies were known for profitable tobacco production?

Chesapeake colonies.

What became popular in South Carolina?

Rice and Indigo.

Which region saw a boom in wheat production?

Middle colonies.

How did New England maintain a stable economy despite lacking significant crops?

By offering services within the colonies.

What role did British imports play for American consumers?

Helped alleviate costs for products too expensive to make in the Americas.

How did Native leaders interact with British imports?

Sometimes imported goods for personal use despite natives being picky.

What issue arose for American planters regarding British prices?

Some incurred debt due to high British prices on tobacco.

How did American attitudes towards British manners differ?

Many Americans were not interested in copying British manners.

What shift did Americans make from British products?

They focused more on land that could be passed down to children.

What was a common educational tool in the colonies to teach etiquette?

Courtesy books.

What was the literacy rate for men and women in the colonies?

70% of men and 45% of women were literate.

What was the most read book in New England?

The Bible.

Which was the first newspaper in the colonies?

Boston Newspaper.

What was the Enlightenment characterized by?

Questioning the status quo and God's role in people's lives.

Who was a significant Enlightenment thinker in the colonies?

Benjamin Franklin.

What was the religious climate in New England during the Great Awakening?

Puritan churches controlled by taxpayer funding, requiring proof of conversion.

What happened as a result of strict church rules during the Great Awakening?

People attended church more frequently.

What was the impact of the Great Awakening on political awareness?

It sparked political awareness and participation.

Who led the Dominion of New England?

Sir Edmund Andros.

What was the goal of the Lords of Trade?

To oversee colonial affairs.

What prompted the Glorious Revolution?

The new king being Catholic while most of the population was Protestant.

What was a significant outcome of the Glorious Revolution?

Political stability established, and voters no longer had to be Puritan.

What did the Bill of Rights grant to England?

It outlined laws to limit the King’s power.

How did Salutary Neglect affect colonial governance?

The English parliament imposed rules mainly related to trade and defense.

What distinction exists between virtual and actual representation?

Virtual representation considers the nation as a whole; actual representation focuses locally.

What was a common grievance related to colonial governors?

That governors were appointed by the Monarch rather than elected by the people.

How did colonial assemblies compare to the British model?

They were growing closer but were never identical.

What demographic was largely excluded from voting in the colonies?

Anyone who was not a white man with property.