chapter 11 vocab

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think, learn, and solve problems.

Batch Processing

A method of executing tasks or jobs in bulk, typically without user interaction.

Binary Large Object (BLOB)

A data type used to store large amounts of binary data, such as images or multimedia files.

Business Intelligence (BI)

Technologies and strategies used by enterprises for analyzing business information to support decision-making.

Business Intelligence System

A system that provides tools for analyzing data to help businesses make better decisions.

Caption

A label or title that describes the contents of a field or form.

Clickstream Data

Data that tracks the paths and clicks made by users as they navigate through a website.

Completeness Check

A validation check to ensure that required data is present in a database field.

Consistency Check

A check to ensure that data in a database is logically consistent.

Data Centralization

The practice of consolidating data from multiple sources into a single location or system.

Data Dictionary (Database Schema)

A set of metadata that describes the structure, fields, and relationships in a database.

Data Inconsistency

When data is not uniform or consistent across different parts of a database or system.

Data Integrity

The accuracy and consistency of data within a database.

Data Mart

A subset of a data warehouse, usually focused on a specific business area.

Data Mining

The process of analyzing large datasets to discover patterns, trends, or relationships.

Data Redundancy

The unnecessary duplication of data in a database, which can lead to inconsistencies.

Data Staging

A step in the ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process where data is temporarily stored before being loaded into the data warehouse.

Data Type (Field Type)

Specifies the type of data that can be stored in a field (e.g., integer, text).

Data Warehouse

A large store of data accumulated from various sources, used for analysis and reporting.

Database

An organized collection of structured information, typically stored electronically.

Database Administrator (DBA) (Database Designer)

A professional responsible for managing and maintaining a database system.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software that manages databases, providing ways to store, retrieve, and manage data.

Decision Support System (DSS)

An information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities.

Default Value

A pre-set value that automatically populates a database field unless a user provides a different value.

Detail Report

A report that provides a comprehensive list of data, including all fields and records.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System

Software that integrates core business processes such as finance, supply chain, and human resources.

Exception Report

A report that highlights data that falls outside of expected or predefined parameters.

Expert System

An AI-based system that uses knowledge and inference to solve complex problems or make decisions.

Field

A column in a database table that holds a specific type of data (e.g., a customer name).

Field Constraint

Rules that define what data is valid for a field, such as field size or data type restrictions.

Field Name

The name or label given to a field in a database.

Field Properties

Characteristics that define a field, such as data type, size, and constraints.

Field Size

The maximum number of characters or amount of data that can be stored in a field.

Filter

A tool or query that limits the results of a database search to only records that meet specific criteria.

Flat Database

A database that consists of a single table, without relationships between different data sets.

Foreign Key

A field in a table that is a primary key in another table, used to link two tables in a relational database.

Fuzzy Logic

A form of logic that allows for reasoning about imprecise or uncertain information.

Information System

A system that collects, processes, and distributes information, typically consisting of hardware, software, and data.

Input Forms

User interfaces that allow data to be entered into a database.

Join Query

A SQL query used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

Knowledge-Based System

A computer program that uses knowledge about a domain to provide decision support or solve complex problems.

Management Information System (MIS)

A system that helps manage and analyze business data to support management decision-making.

Many-to-Many Relationship

A database relationship where multiple records in one table are related to multiple records in another table.

Metadata

Data that describes other data, providing information about a file, database, or system.

Model Management System

Software that manages models used