GENBIO

nucleus

is in the center of the cell

nucleus

it controls all the activities of the animal cell

lysosome

help break down certain materials inside the cell

cytoplasm 

he gel-like, watery substance that fills a cell, surrounding and holding all the internal organelles in place.

cytosol 

water part or the liquid portion of the cytoplasm

mitochondria

rod shaped organelle

mitochondria

cell powerhouse

cytoskeleton

What part of the cell is responsible in organizing other constituents of the cell

cytoskeleton

organizing other constituents of the cell. maintaining the cell's shape

cytoskeleton

responsible for the locomotion of the cell itself and the movement of the various organelles within it

cell membrane

What part of the cell separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell?

ribosome 

found in all cells that synthesizes proteins by reading messenger RNA linking amino acids together in the specified order.

chloroplast

known as the site of photosynthesis

cell wall

protective layer

nucleus

the center of the cell

nucleus

it controls all the activities of the plant cell. What part of a plant cell is it

mitochondria

What part is known as "power plant" of the plant cell?

mitochondria

production of energy

golgi apparatus

What is the part that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules in the plant cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

This part can either be smooth or rough

Endoplasmic reticulum

its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function an extensive folded membrane that occupies a large space in the cytoplasm

Vacuole

Which specific part of a plant cell is responsible for regulating water balance?

2

during glycolysis how many atp is produced

Atp or adenosine triphosphate

energy that produced during cellular circulation

water, sunlight, carbon dioxide

Give the 3 raw materials for photosynthesis compound

photons 

energy na inaabsorb ng plant galing photosynthesis

C6H12O6

what is the chemical formula for glucose

water

6H2O

carbon dioxide

6CO2

oxygen

6O2

water loving

what do we mean by hydrophilic

water fearing

what do we mean hydrophobic

nervous tissue

specialized tissue that doesn’t undergo mitosis

cillia and flagella

what organelle that is responsible for movement and loco-movement

hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions

3 types of tonicity

passive and active

2 major types of cell transport mechanism

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

2 types of cell

prokaryotic cells 

Earliest and most primitive cell

prokaryotic cells 

Contains only simple structures with very little differentiation

prokaryotic cells 

Consists of organisms from the Domain Archaea and Bacteria

capsule

The outermost layer that encases the entire cell for additional protection

capsule

Usually composed of polysaccharides

cell wall

A rigid case that encloses the entire cell and gives it shape

plasma membrane

A semipermeable membrane that encloses the internal structures of the cell that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

mesosome

Folds of the plasma membrane that enter the area of the cytoplasm

mesosome

This is where the electron transport system for the creation of cell energy is located

nucleoid

Region of the cell where DNA is present

nucleoid

Prokaryotes do not have an enclosed structure for its genetic material such as a nucleus

nucleoid

Ribosomes and enzymes are seen near this region

plasmid

Small independent loops of DNA which are separate from the chromosomal DNA found in the nucleoid

plasmid

this is important for the genetic advantages of prokaryotes

ribosome

Small structures that are scattered throughout the cytoplasm for the process of protein synthesis

pili

Tubular structures present in the cell surface for cell-to-cell communication and passing of genetic material

flagellum

A tail-like appendage anchored to the cell membrane and wall that allows a prokaryote locomotion through a circular motion

Fimbriae

Additional small and bristle-like fibers scattered throughout the cell surface

Fimbriae

They are usedfor attachment, navigation, and propelling certain molecules or objects toward the cell 

eukaryotic cell 

Highly evolved, complex structures, and larger size compared to prokaryotes 

eukaryotic cell 

Exhibits heavy compartmentalization of internal structures known as Organelles

protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia

4 that divided the eukaryotic cell

cell membrane

Functions as barrier to separate the environment and the internal structures of the cell

cell membrane

Regulates the passage of molecules to and from the cell

Transport Proteins

Create passageways for ions and non-polar molecules to pass freely through the cell membrane

channel proteins

Form tunnels for the import and export of materials and wastes

cell recognition proteins

Enable cells to distinguish own cells from that of other organisms

junction proteins

Assist in cell-to-cell adhesion and communication between cell

receptor proteins

Facilitate exchange of signals between cells by changing its shape to allow specific molecules (ligands) to bind to Participate to it

enzymatic proteins

reactions such as degradation and synthesis to sustain life in the cell

carbohydrate chains

Serve as identification tags for the cell recognition proteins

cholesterol

Strengthens the cell membrane by making it more flexible but less fluid

Organelles

are compartmentalized structures which offer efficiency and provides the cell the ability to do different complex metabolic reactions in localized areas

golgi body, lysososomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, vacuole

membranous organelles(single membrane)

nucleus, mitochondria, and plastids

double membrane

ribosome, centriole

non membranous organelles

cell nucleus

The storehouse of genetic information (DNA)

cell nucleus

It functions to prevent damage to the DNA and direct all cell activity

nuclear envelope, perinuclear space, necleoplasm, nuclear pores, nucleolus

nucleus specialized structures:

Nuclear envelope

A two membrane structure that encloses the nucleus and separates it from cytoplasm

Perinuclear space

The space between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope

Nucleoplasm

The semifluid substance inside the nucleus

Nuclear Pores

perforations in the nuclear envelope that regulate the passage of materials (proteins ribosomes, and RNA)

Nucleolus

Condensed region of the nucleus where synthesis of RNA are centralized

DNA

The long chain molecule of inheritance made of segmented portion called genes which cantains the information needed for the cell activities

Euchromatin

contains active DNA, stains lightly when viewed under the microscope

Heterochromatin

Contains inactive DNA, stains deeply when viewed under the microscope

protein synthesis

Building and repairing cellular structures, regulating biological processes, and expressing specific characteristics of each organism

peroxisomes

functions to dispose toxin substances and lipids

energy supply

To carry out vital functions and necessary metabolic processes essential for the proper functioning of the cell and / or organism

mitochondria 

Double membranous structures that supply energy to the cell by means of cellular respiration

mitochondria

are the sites of energy production where adenosine triposphate (ATP), the cell's source of chemical energy is synthesized

mitochondria

are considered semiautonomous organelles because they can grow and divide on their
own

plastids

A group of large organelles only found in plant cells and not animal cells

chromaplasts

Carotenoids (yellow, orange & red)

chromaplasts

Can arise from the chloroplasts that have lost their chlorophyll

leucoplasts

Non-colored plastids that do not contain pigments

leucoplasts

They function mainly as storage for nutrients

Amyplasts

starch filled

Elaiplasts

store oil

Aleuroplasts

store proteins

Cytoskeleton

A flexible network of protein threads and fibers that provide mechanical and structural framework of support throughout the cell

Microtubule

trackway where specialized proteins use it as a path to carry cargo such as vesicles