OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OSH stands for:
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH)
Cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health, and welfare of people in work and employment.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE
Major fields of OSH
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Deals with understanding the causes of accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe act and conditions.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Broad concept which explains how the different hazards at risk at work may cause an illness and emphasize that health programs are essential in controlling work-related/or occupational issues.
OCCUPATIONALY HYGIENE
Discusses the identification, evaluation, and control of physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards.
Article 162, Book IV of the Labor Code of the Philippines
Mandatory rules on occupational safety and health promulgated pursuant to ______________________.
TRUE
T OR F: Mandatory rules and standards set and enforced to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in the workplace.
FALSE; at least minimum
T OR F: Aims to provide maximum acceptable degree of protection that must be afforded to every worker in relation to the working conditions and dangers of injury, sickness, or death that may arise.
The secretary of labor and employment, through the regional director or his other authorized representative
Who enforces OSH standards?
TRUE
All establishments, workplaces, and other undertakings are covered including agricultural enterprises, whether operating for profit or not except:
Residential places exclusively for dwelling purposes.
Mines which are under the DENR
TRUE
T OR F: Minimum standards on safety and health includes appropriate seats, lighting, and ventilation
TRUE
T OR F: Minimum standards on safety and health includes adequate passageways, exits, and fire equipment
TRUE
T OR F: Minimum standards on safety and health includes appropriate safety devices (including PPE)
TRUE
T OR F: Minimum standards on safety and health includes medicines, medical supplies, or first aid kits
TRUE
T OR F: Minimum standards on safety and health includes free medical and dental services and facilities.
SAFETY
Physical or environmental conditions of work which comply with prescribed OSH standards.
SAFETY
Allows workers to perform the job without or within acceptable exposure limit to hazards.
HAZARD
Anything with the potential to cause harm.
HAZARD
Harm including ill health and injury, damage to property, plant, product or environment, production losses or increased liabilities.
FALSE; 4 days of absence
T OR F: Annually, 337M workers fall victims of work-related incidents causing more than 5 days of absence.
TRUE
T OR F: 2.3M die of work-related accidents (360,000) and diseases (1.6M)
FALSE; 50%
T OR F: Close to 60% of the death attributed to work take place in Asia.
TRUE
T OR F: 170,00 agricultural workers and 320,000 people die from exposure from biological risks
FALSE; 160 Workers
T OR F: Every 15 seconds, 150 workers have a work-related incident.
FALSE; 15 seconds
T OR F: Every 20 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident/ disease.
700
For every 100,000 workers: _____ received injuries that stop them from working about a day
TRUE
T OR F: 2,586 accidents reported by 289 establishments, 1,5823 (59%) disabling injuries (2005); total days lost: 121, 624
FALSE; 26-30 years old
T OR F: Profile of the most-commonly injured worker:
Male
Married
Assigned in the first shift
25-36 years old
With 1-5 years’ work experience.
superficial injuries, open wound dislocation, sprains/stains, burns, corrosion, scald, foreign body in the eye.
Enumerate Types of Injuries according to 2009/2010 BLES Integrated Survey
Renal disorders, Disorders of the eye, Cardio-vascular diseases
The top three (3) Work related EC Claims
Child Labor, Lifestyle diseases, OSH of Migrant workers or sea farers, women workers.
Emerging OSH Issues
REPUBLIC ACT 11058
An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations thereof.
DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 198-18
Implementing Rules and Regulations of 11058
10 to 50 WORKERS
How many workers does an establishment need to have to be considered medium to high-risk establishment?
1 TO 51 WORKERS
How many workers does an establishment need to have to be considered Low to High-risk establishments?
SAFETY OFFICER
Oversee the overall management of OSH program, with OSH committee.
P 20,000.00
Fine for Failure to register establishment, DOLE
ACCIDENT
An unexpected unplanned, unwanted, unforeseen occurrence or even causing damage or loss of materials or properties, injury, or death.
FALSE; Cost Of Accidents
T OR F: Operational Costs can be explained by the Iceberg Theory.
DIRECT COSTS
Expenses that are covered by worker’s compensation insurance.
EMPLOYEE'S WAGE BENEFITS
Paid to eligible employee who is unable to work or return at full capacity.
MEDICAL PAYMENTS
Any eligible medical expenses required for treatment.
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION COST
Expenses associated with employee’s rehabilitation.
Death/ Dependent Benefits
Compensation to spouse and family who died directly from a work-related injury.
LEGAL FEES
Expenses associated with Worker’s Compensation Claim, civil liability expenses, and settlement costs.
CLAIM INVESTIGATION COSTS
Costs associated with investigation of a workers’ compensation claim if there is a concerned fraud.
INDIRECT COSTS
Cost of accident which have a more damaging impact to the worker, their families, the company and the community in general. It is larger and more dangerous than the direct costs.
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORY
Art and science that seeks to understand the deeper roots of why accidents happen.
UNSAFE/ UNHEALTHY ACT
Any human action that violates a commonly accepted safe work procedure or standard
UNSAFE/ UNHEALTHY CONDITION
Physical or chemical property of a material, machine, or the environment which could possibly cause injury, damage, disruption
ACCIDENTS
Unplanned occurrences that result in injuries, illness, death, and loss of property and/or production.
HERBERT WILLIAM HEINRICH
An American industrial safety pioneer, worked as an assistant superintendent of the Engineering and Inspection Division of Travelers Insurance Company.
HAZARD
something that has the potential to cause harm or injury to people, property, or the environment.
HAZARDS
They can be natural or human-made, and they can arise from a variety of sources such as natural disasters, technological failures, or human activities.
Direct Hazards
These hazards can cause harm or injury to people, property, or the environment without any intermediate steps or processes.
Physical Hazards
Any type of hazard that can cause physical harm to a person.
8 HOURS
Maximum allowable hours of noise exposure for workers who exposed to 90 db
4 HOURS
Maximum allowable hours of noise exposure for workers who exposed to 95 db
2 HOURS
Maximum allowable hours of noise exposure for workers who exposed to 100 db
1 HOUR
Maximum allowable hours of noise exposure for workers who exposed to 105 db.
EXTREME HEAT
can cause stroke, dehydration, heat exhaustion, and other detrimental health effects.
EXTREME COLD
can cause hypothermia, and other respiratory problems.
RADIATIONS
Dangerous because it cannot be detected by the five senses, but it destroys the cells and tissues of living organisms and has long-term effects.
IONIZING RADIATIONS
Which type of radiation includes UV Light, Beta Principle, Gamma ray?
NON-IONIZING RADIATIONS
Which type of radiation includes Radio waves, electric waves, infrared waves (welding)?
TIME, DISTANCE, SHIELDING
Three safety practice to control exposure to radiations
EXTREME PRESSURE
These are pressures beyond the allowable levels needed by the human body.
14 PSI
Normal Atmospheric Pressure
Chemical Hazards
These are substances in solid, liquid or gaseous forms known to cause poison, fire, explosion or ill effects to health.
Biological Hazards
Hazards that result from exposure to biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, that can cause harm or injury to people, animals, or the environment.
Ergonomic Hazards
Hazards that result from poor ergonomic design, which can cause strain or injury to the musculoskeletal system of the body.
ELIMINATION OF HAZARD
Complete removal of a hazard from the work area.
ELIMINATION OF HAZARD
The method preferred in controlling hazards and should be selected whenever possible.
SUBSTITUTION
Where necessary for the protection of workers, the competent authority should require the replacement of hazardous substances by substitute materials, in so far as this is possible.
ENGINEERING METHOD
Involves modifying the workplace or the equipment used in the workplace to eliminate or reduce hazards. This method involves application of engineering technology to control hazards.
ADMINISTRATIVE METHOD
This aims to minimize the exposure of humans to workplace hazards and employs administrative approaches such as rotation and shifting.
Selection of Proper Equipment
Involves choosing the appropriate tools, machinery, or personal protective equipment (PPE) that will provide adequate protection against hazards in the workplace.
PPE
These are considered as the last line of defense. These devices provide limited protection to the ones using them.
Selection of Proper Equipment
To select the proper equipment, it is important to consider the specific hazards present in the workplace and the level of protection required to mitigate those hazards.
Maintenance Program
All equipment must be inspected periodically before and after use. A record of all inspections with the date, tabulated results, the recommendation of the manufacturer for the maintenance of the device, and the repair and replacement of parts supplied by the manufacturer of the product should be kept.
Proper Training
Obtain the workers complete compliance with requirements to wear the PPE.
Enforcement
Employees need to know how the use of PPE will be enforced.
HEAD PROTECTION
Designed to protect the head and skull from injuries and hazards in the workplace.
SAFETY HAT
A device that provides head protection against
impact from falling objects and protection against electrocution.
EYE PROTECTION
A device that provides eye protection from hazards caused by: Flying particles, Sparks, Light radiation, Splashes, and Gases.
FACE PROTECTION
Provide general protection to the entire face for a variety of hazards, such as flying debris, chemical splash, arc flash, UV radiation, and extreme heat.
EAR PROTECTION
Required to prevent noise induced hearing loss. Hearing protection devices reduce the noise energy reaching and causing damage to the inner ear.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Types of PPE required when engineering improvements and administrative controls can’t eliminate risk.
Air Purifying Respirator and Air Supplying Devices
Types of respirators are divided into two (2) categories:
HANDS AND ARMS
Parts of the body most affected by
accidents at work
FALSE; one in three
T OR F: one in five accidents at the workplace is due to a hand emergency, and arm and hands accidents combined represent 41% of non-fatal accidents.
FOOT & LEG PROTECTION
This category includes garments and devices used to protect the legs, feet, and lower body from being injured by rolling or falling objects that might cause crushing or penetrating injuries to the worker, along with garments that protect from heat, corrosive, or otherwise toxic materials.
Conductive Shoes
protect against the buildup of static electricity or equalize the electrical potential between personnel and the ground.
Electrical Hazard Safety Shoes
non-conductive and protect against open circuits of 600 volts or less under dry conditions.
travel restraint system, fall arrest system, lifelines
Types of fall protection:
TORSO AND FULL BODY
provided for employees if they are threatened with bodily injury of one kind or another while performing their jobs, and if engineering, work practices, and administrative controls have failed to eliminate these hazards
Annual Exposure Data Report
AEDR
AMR
Annual Medical Report
American National Standards Institute
ANSI