ART EXAM # 2 everything together

jean- antoine watteau

rococo

fete galante

Paintings-

pilgrimage to Cythera 

Thomas cole

founder of the Hudson River School

Nicolas poussin

French Baroque art

paintings-

Death of Germanicus

peter paul ruben

baroque

paintings-

Raising of the cross

Jacques- Louis David

neoclassicism

jean- Honore Fragonard

rococo

paintings-

The swing

cellini

mannerism

paintings-

Perseus and Medusa

Joseph Mallord William Turner

romanticism

Theodore Gericault

Romanticism

paintings-

Raft of the Medusa

Angelica Kaufmann

Neoclassicism

Benjamin west

Neoclassicism/ history

paintings:

Death of  General Wolfe

Caravaggio

baroque

paintings-

the card shop

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

baroque

paintings:

The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Paolo Veronese

renaissance/ mannerism

Francisco Goya

Romanticism

paintings:

The third of May

Michelangelo

renaissance, mannerism, fresco

 paintings:

Last Judgment

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

neoclassical/ romanticism

paintings:

Grande Odalisque

Antonio de paredes

still life

paintings:

Ebony Chest

Hals

dutch golden age and baroque style

paintings:

issac massa/ beatrix van der lean

Artemisia Gentileschi

baroque

panini

art style-

rococo

paintings-

Rigaud

art style-

baroque

Michelangelo, the Last Judgement, 1536-41

- High Renaissance

-fresco

- mannerism- distorted bodies

- lots of naked people, not canon of proportion

- it established some artistic trends that challenged conventions and led to the formation of a new art style

History painting

meaningful stories from external sources, as current events, the bible, mythology or literature

Mammerism

the last movement of the Renaissance, where bodies are distorted

rome prize

get to go to rome free for a year for the best painting

Benvenuto Cellini, Perseus with the head of Medusa, 1545

- bronze

- manerist sculpture

-outside the town hall/ palace ( Piazza della Signoria)

-classical antiquity

- mythological subject

- patron- Duke l de' Medici

- Perseus is a figure from Greek and Roman Mythology

portraits

individual people usually formally posed

Caravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew in the Contarelli Chapel

- Chiaroscuro- light to dark

- Contarelli chapel

- baroque

- oil on canvas, which was then hung on the wall

- The subject is a reference to the name of the patron

- it was commissioned by a patron for his commemorative chapel

Gianlorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, St. Peter's, Rome, 1624-33.

- light and shadows

- glided bronze

- This was a monumental stage set in a Catholic church

Gianlorenzo Bernini, Ecstasy of St Teresa, Rome,

- baroque art

- religious piece

- Carnaro chapel ( church of Santa Maria della Vittoria)

- sculptor and architect

- subject matter- a woman who had recently been made a saint

- fresco ceiling

Peter Paul Rubens, Raising of the Cross, 1610

- located in the cathedral in Belgium

- originally for the church of Saint Walburga, but then that burned down

- baroque

- lots of bodies in motion

- The diagonal cross added more drama to show the baroque art

Mannerism

Artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symmetry, balance, and simplicity

Counter-reformation

the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)

Baroque

An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements

Pope Urban VIII Barberini

was born as Maffeo Barberini and was educated by the Society of Jesuits.

He liked Bernini's artwork and was a huge patron of the arts.

Tenebrism

Painting in the "shadowy manner" using violent contrasts of light and dark as in the work of Caravaggio

chiaroscuro

The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.

baldacchino

a canopy on columns, frequently built over an altar

solomonic

marked by notable wisdom, reasonableness, or discretion especially under trying circumstances.

Caravaggios Cardshop

- Located- Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas

- a genre painting

Artemisia Gentileschi, Allegory of Painting (self portrait)

- Baroque art

- painting in the moment

- Windsor castle- the allegory of painting

- foreshortening

- the necklace of a face that she is wearing symbolizes a mask

Antonio de Pereda, Still Life with Ebony Chest, 1652

- dramatic still life

- oil on a canvas

- spain

still life

an assortment of objects

genre scenes

painting in which scenes of everyday life are depicted

Frans Hals, Marriage Portrait of Isaac Massa and Beatrix van der Laen

A painting of their Wedding

They're happy in this picture, which doesn’t happen often in these paintings

The tree in the back, specifically the ivy, is a symbol of a good marriage

Hung in their house

- baroque

Rembrandt, The Hundred Guilder Print

medium- a mix of etching and drypoint

dutch artist

chiaroscuro

baroque

location- rijkmuseum in Amsterdam

Johannes Vermeer, The Milkmaid 1657

- Dutch/ genre painting

- uses light/ shadows

- a celebration of everyday virtue

group portrait

painting of more than one known person

Jacob van Ruisdeal

landscape

baroque

The church in the background is called Saint Bavo

This is Haarlem, where he lived

drypoint

An intaglio printmaking process in which lines are scratched directly into a metal plate with a steel needle; the scratch raises a ridge (burr) that takes the ink.

etching

an intaglio printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and worked with an etching needle to create an image.

Nicolas Poussin, Death of Germanicus, 1628

- French painter

- ancient Rome

- Renaissance art

- French baroque

- bodies in motion

- the guy in the white lying down is not in the center of the painting

Hyacinth Rigaud, Portrait of Louis XIV 1701

- he is wealthy

- The sword's name is joyful

- The high heels he is wearing help him keep his foot in place on the horse

- built the palace of Versailles

- most famous

Francois Boucher, Madame de Pompadour

-Rococo style

-Wealthy and educated

-Very powerful

-The king changed her to an aristocrat

Jean Honore Fragonard, The Swing

-Patron- Baron de Saint-Julien

-Rococo

-by being pushed by a bishop

-it was a private commission for a private home

-Secret love affair

-Cupid & Venus- symbolic rococo, love, sex, flirtatious

- medium- oil

Louis XIV

-The Sun King: Louis XIV

-Louis XIV by Hyacinth Rigaud 

-He is wealthy

-The sword's name is joyful

-The high heels help to keep their foot on the horse

Cared about dancing/ fashion/power

-Built the Palace of Versailles 

Absolute Monarchy

A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power

" The Grand Manner"

baroque, overwhelming, promoted by the royal academy

Hierarchy of the Genres

any formalization which ranks different genres in an art form in terms of their prestige and cultural value

Rococo

-Rococo is a style of interior design, painting, architecture, and sculpture that originated in Paris in the early 18th century. Rococo is characterized by lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use of curving natural forms in ornamentation.

-Light pastels, ivory white, and gold were the predominant colors, and Rococo decorators frequently used mirrors to enhance the sense of open space.

Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture

It oversaw—and held a monopoly over—the arts in France until 1793. The institution provided indispensable training for artists through both hands-on instruction and lectures, access to prestigious commissions, and the opportunity to exhibit their work. Significantly, it also controlled the arts by privileging certain subjects and by establishing a hierarchy among its members

Antonie Watteau/ pilgrimage to Cythera

-Rococo- natural colors, overflowing decor

-The painting he presented to the Royal Academy that got him in

-Venus is the statue on the right side of the painting, covered in roses

- Fete Galante ( new genre of paintings)

- the birthplace of the goddess of love, where everyone will meet their ideal partner

- lovue in paris

fete galante

An elegant group of people relaxing

- new style made from Watteau

Angelica Kaufmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures (Mother of the Gracchi), 1785. Oil.

Neoclassical- because it emphasizes family honor and rational values within the context of classical motifs. Her kids are her treasures instead of any type of jewel the rich lady was handing to her 

What is the moral of David's painting, The Oath of the Horatii?

One should be willing to sacrifice oneself for honor and one's principles.

group portrait

multiple people that share something in common

Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism is an artistic and cultural movement that emerged in the mid-18th century. Neoclassicism influenced painting, sculpture, architecture, and even literature, becoming a prominent style until the early 19th century.

- The Enlightenment was closely related to Neoclassicism

Johann Winckelmann

-The history of art in antiquity, 1764

-Study of aritech

-Development

The Grand Tour

a cultural tour of Europe formerly undertaken, especially in the 18th century, by a young man of the upper classes as a part of his education.

The Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

The Rome Prize

A scholarship for painters and sculptors that was established at the Academy in 1663. Winners were allowed to stay in Rome for 3-5 years to study art at the expense of the state

The Salon vs salonnieres

Salon- an elegant party, a tea party, for the upper class

salonnieres- run by aristocratic women

Ancien Regime

The traditional political and social order in Europe before the French Revolution

Jacques- Louis David

-The most important neoclassical painter in Europe

-Won the Prix de Rome and went to study in Rome in 1775

-Had a complicated relationship with the Royal Academy; felt that he was repeatedly snubbed

-A friend of Robespierre and active in the French Revolution was ultimately imprisoned for his political activity

-Later became a painter of Napoleon

-Heroic subject matter, emphasis on stoicism, formal clarity, impression of stability and solidity

-Best known for the oath of Horatti 1784-1785

The Pegasus Vase, 1786, jasper ware, for the Wedgwood factory

John Flaxman ( design)

William Hackwood ( modeled)

Wedgewood factory

Etruria factory, Staffordshire, England

Cameo- a type of object/ antiquity

Very scientific

Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1770

General Wolfe is the guy in the red lying down

Founder of the academy

The Indian and French War

England

No blood

Changes Neoclassicism

Gilbert Stuart, George Washington (Landsdowne portrait)

medium - oil on canvas  

Neoclassical reflecting Enlightenment ideals

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres .La Grande Odalisque 1814, Oil on canvas

Romanticism painting

Patrón is Napoleon's sister and the queen of Naples; Caroline Murat

Caspar David Friedrich, The Abbey in an Oak Forest, 1809

Sad, unsettling painting 

landscape painting

foreground- crosses

romanticism

Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808, 1814

Romanticism

Medium: oil

Historical painting

Darker colors

Emotional impact

- the napoleonic occupation of Madrid

Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa

Romanticism

Presented at the salon in 1819

Present in the moment of war

The Louvre in Paris

He isn't painting bodies, he's painting corpses

- The ones that got put into a raft were for the higher ups; the lower class got thrown over

Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1840

disordered

romanticism

slaves thrown overboard

Museum of Fine Arts Boston

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Orientalism

A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.

odalisque

a female slave in the harems of the East. It was a favorite subject of the 19th century artists in a reclining position

Edmund Burke

(1729-1797) Member of British Parliament and author of Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), which criticized the underlying principles of the French Revolution and argued conservative thought.

the sublime

a quality of greatness, awe, and grandeur that overwhelms the viewer, often blurring the line between terror and beauty.

Hudson River School

Thomas cole

First American art movement

Eugene Delacroix, Liberty leading the people

location- the Louve in pairs

romanticism

Liberty is an allegorical figure, also a symbol of freedom

history painting ( hierarchy of genre painting)

Deloceraix depicts classes united against the monarchy and nobility

Casper David Friedrich

German romantic landscape painter

The Haywain- John Constable

Romanticism

The oxbow- Thomas Cole

Founder of the Hudson River School

landscape

romanticism

 a diagonal line from the lower right to the upper left to divide the composition into two unequal halves

The left-hand side of the painting depicts a sublime view of the land, a perspective that elicits feelings of danger and even fear.

The Haywain John Constable

style- romanticism

landscape painting ( lowest subject)

location- National Gallery in London

was in the Royal Academy

historical moment

View from the window at Le Gras, Joseph Nicéphore Niepce

The first picture, taken by mechanical means, was the first photograph

First representation of people in an image by Louis Daguerre ( Daguerrotype)- takes a long time to make this image

French artist

sister spirits, Julia Margaret Cameron

Albumen print

1865

Known for- romantic compositions

The horse in motion, Eadweard Muybridge

1878 C.E. Albumen print

Muybridge spent the rest of his career improving his technique, making a huge variety of motion studies, lecturing, and publishing. As a result of his motion studies, he is regarded as one of the fathers of the motion picture. Muybridge's motion studies showed the way to a new art form.

Joinville soldier walking, Etienne- Jules Marey

Geometric Chronophotopgraph

A series of slanted gray lines and a row of dots appear against a black background in wavy bands that reach the side edges of the picture plane. A thick gray stripe undulates along the top

The artist van, Roger Fenton

Salted paper print

Library of Congress

Photography studio on wheels

pro- war

He is most famous for documenting the Crimean War (1855) as one of the first war photographers, creating powerful, staged, and unstaged images of, but not directly depicting, death and battlefields.

still life

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