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Define settlement
A place where people live. Can either be permanent or temporary
Define site
The physical land on which a settlement is built
Define situation
The position of a settlement in relation to the surrounding physical and human features
Define function
This is a settlements main social and economic purpose
Trading centre
The towns and cities where buying and selling of items produced elsewhere for profit occurs
Define a nucleated settlement
Settlements where the houses are grouped closely together typically around a central feature like a church, pub or village green
Define a linear settlement
These are settlements where the buildings are constructed in lines along a geographical features like a river or following a road
Define a dispersed settlement
These are settlements where the houses are spread out over a wide area
Define an isolated settlement
These consist of a single farm or house very remote from any other one
Factors that affect the growth of a settlement
Climate
Access to raw materials
Fertile land
Historical
Define a dormitory town
Main function is to provide housing - have few services and little industry
Define a market town
Main function is to provide services for the local area - often found near fertile land & have good transport links to the local area
Define an administration
These settlements are county towns that employ large numbers of civil servants in local government
Define industrial
Main function is to provide jobs in secondary industry (factories)
Define tourist resort
Main function is for tourists to visit
Define settlement hierarchy
A method of arranging settlements based on their population size and the number of services provided
Name the layers of the settlement hierarchy starting from the bottom (7)
Isolated dwelling → Hamlet → Village → Small town → Large town → City → Conurbation
Example of low-order services
Post office, general store, pub
Define a high-order service
A service, usually expensive, that people typically only use occasionally
Example of a high-order service
Schools, chain stores, hospitals, leisure centres
What types of services do towns offer
Both low and high-order services
Define sphere of influence
The area that a settlement serves. It is the distance that people will travel to obtain a particular service or product. The larger the settlement, the greater the influence
What is the range
The maximum distance people are prepared to travel to obtain a particular service
Define low order goods
Goods that are bought regularly - eg. milk or bread. People are not prepared to travel far to buy a convenience good
Define high order goods
An expensive good that people only buy occasionally - eg. electrical goods and furniture. People are prepared to travel some distance to obtain the goods
what are the factors that effect urban growth
natural increase
rural- urban migration
natural increase
when people living in an area have more children causing the population in that area to increase. as well as young people tend to move to the city and have higher birth rates. as well a better medical facilities decreasing infant mortality
rural-urban migration
these are the push and pull factors of each place the pull factors of the city and the push factors of the village
what are the differences between rural and urban settlements
population size
the minimum population for the classification of towns varies from country to country
economic activity
rural areas are usually involved in primary activities while urban areas are involved with secondary and tertiary
services
schools, hospitals, shops, public transport and banks
are usually not available or are limited in rural settlements urban areas will have a lot more of these
land use
in rural areas settlements are widely spaced and the land Is used for one or two activities.
urban areas are more compact with a greater mix of land uses
what are the functions of a rural area
residential
provide agricultural services
market for produce
shops and banks
education
dormitory towns to near by cities
leisure or tourism
what are some functions of urban areas
residential
agricultural (less important)
mining
manufactoring
retail and wholesale trade
transport, banking,commerce
insurance and finance
administration and government
entertainment and sport
what are the 6 classifications of settlement functions
retail function
settlements which are the main shopping centres for an area and are easily accessible
an industry town or city
manufacturing is the main employer , and are associated with a particular industry
ports
these are essential for international trade
cultural centres and university towns
some are known for their educational services like oxford
resorts
rely on tourist income and jobs in the town. these have a high services to cater for the tourists. but the permanent rest of the population are quite small
administrative center
these are the centre of local government and employ a high number of civil servants
what are the 3 reasons why settlements change over time
industrial change
decline of manufacturing industry because of cheeper imported goods
old retail centres decline due to the growth of numbers of town retail parks and supermarkets
change in planning policy
environmental policy has encouraged the development of brown field sites. these are sites of industry, retail or housing that are now derelict
social change
increased wealth and travel has meant decline in tourism in some places and an increase in others
3 ways which a settlement fits into a hierarchy
population size
number of services provided
sphere of influence
what are 2 important things to remember in population size
as settlement size increases the number of settlements decrease
as settlement size increases so the distance between them generally also increases
Note 
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