Review of Development and Inequality Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to development, indicators used to measure it, and aspects of gender inequality.

Development

The process of improving the economic, social, and political conditions of a country or region that typically includes aspects such as a long healthy life, acquiring knowledge, and obtaining adequate resources.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite index measuring a country's average achievement in three basic aspects of human development: health (life expectancy), education (years of schooling), and standard of living (GNI per capita).

Indicators of Development

Quantifiable measures used to assess different aspects of development, including GDP per capita, percentage of GDP from agriculture, infant mortality rate, and life expectancy.

GNI per capita

Gross National Income divided by the population, measured in current US dollars, representing the average income earned by a country's citizens.

GDP per capita

Gross Domestic Product divided by the population, an indicator of a country's economic output that accounts for its number of people.

Infant mortality rate

The number of infants dying before their first birthday per 1,000 live births in a given year, used as an indicator of health and healthcare quality.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live based on the year of their birth, commonly used to assess the health of a population.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

An index that measures gender inequality based on reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation.

Gender-related Development Index (GDI)

An index that uses the same indicators as the HDI but accounts for disparities between men and women in income, education, and life expectancy.

Inequality-adjusted HDI (iHDI)

A modification of the HDI that accounts for inequality in each dimension, reflecting the loss of potential human development due to inequality.