visual analytics exam 1

Enterprise Systems

Sources of data

Analytics

the use of data

What is data?

Facts and statistics collected together

What is analytics?

Data, Information, Knowledge, Action (DIKA)

Procurement

ordering from a supplier/vendor

Production

assembly/manufacturing

Fulfillment

delivering the product/having and fulfilling customer order

"Hierarchy of Analytics"

Descriptive, Predictive, Prescriptive

Descriptive Analytics

describing from the past

Predictive Analytics

forecast/weather- what will happen

Prescriptive Analytics

what should you do- plan of action, optimization model

Ethics of Data

• Consent and knowledge of Data

• Default in, opt out

• Default out, opt in

Digitization

paper to computer/digital format

Digitalization

continuously improving digital form

The 3 Levels of decision making

1. Strategic

2. Tactical

3. Operational

Strategic decision making

high level- goals and aspirations

Tactical decision making

midlevel management, how they should achieve goals

Operational decision making

low level, day to day

The Decision making process

1. Identify and define the problem.

2. Determine the criteria that will be used to evaluate alternative solutions.

3. Determine the set of alternative solutions.

4. Evaluate the alternatives.

5. Choose an alternative.

Big Data

• is any set of data that is too large or too complex to be handled by standard data-processing techniques and typical desktop software.

4 Vs

Volume

data at rest

variety

data in many forms

Velocity

data in motion

veracity

data in doubt

Cloud computing

refers to the use of data and software on servers housed externally to an organization via the internet.

Data Security

protects stored data from destructive forces or unauthorized users.

AI

uses big data and computers to make decisions that would have required human intelligence in the past.

Data Breaches

analysts trained in computer science and statistics who know how to process and analyze massive amounts of data

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

•the request for consent to use an individual’s data must be easily understood and accessible,

•the intended use of data must be specified and easy to withdraw consent, and

•the individual has a right to a copy of their data and the right to demand their data be erased.

Data Value creation (characteristics of valuable data)

• Right data

• Right place

• Right time

• Right form

What is a Data flow diagram?

a process model used to depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the system.

DFD Symbols

Data Flow

1 piece of data

Composite data flow

Multi data pieces together in one data flow

Context Diagram

 Basic overview of the system or process being modeled.  One process/system maximum.

Decomposition Diagram

The “glue” between the Context Diagram and the DFDs.

High-Level Diagram

More detailed breakout, includes main functions carried out by the system, first level to Include data stores

General Rules for DFDs

1. Every process must have at least one input and one output

2. A process cannot output information it did not intake

3. All objects including data flows must be named

4. All external entities must be included in your Context diagram and high-level process diagram

Rules for Data Flows

Common Errors on DFDs

 DFD on procurement slide

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

SCM

Supply Chain Management

SRM

Supplier relationship management

CRM

customer relationship management

PLM

product lifecycle management

Horizontal

Best of Breed

Vertical

Niche- usually smaller companies

Organizational Data

Defines the organizational structure of the enterprise and rarely changes ex. HR organization, sales and purchasing organizations

Master Data

defines key entities in an organization and may change occasionally- name, address, payment terms, sales data, manufacturing data, tax data, payroll data

Transaction Data

data that is the consequence of day-to-day transactions, customer, products, quantities, location, (who what when, etc)

PROCUREMENT- Purchase Requisition

PROCUREMENT- Purchase order

PROCUREMENT-Packing List

PROCUREMENT- Goods Receipt Document

PROCUREMENT- Vendor Invoice and Payment

Procurement Process and its Documents

•Purchase Requisition

•Purchase Order

•Packing List

•Goods Receipt Document

•Vendor Invoice and Payment

Instance Level Information

Process Level Information

FULFILLMENT-Customer Inquiry

FULFILLMENT- Quotation

FULFILLMENT- Customer Purchase Order

FULFILLMENT- sales order

FULFILLMENT- Picking document

FULFILLMENT- Packing Document

FULFILLMENT- Customer Invoice

Fulfillment Process and its Documents

•Customer Inquiry

•Quotation

•Customer Purchase Order

•Sales Order

•Picking Document

•Packing Document

•Customer Invoice

Customer Payment

Assembling

Components - nuts, bolts, wheels-> skateboard

Manufacturing

Raw materials- plastic pellets -> plastic plate

Discrete

distinct items (countable). Usually identifiable

Process Manufacturing

like a recipe, can not be easily disassembled

Make-to-order (MTO)

process triggered by response to customer order

Make-to-stock (MTS)

process triggered by need to increase inventory

Technical Data Package (TDP)

 includes anything needed for assembling that product

Bill of Material (BOM)

identifies components needed to make one unit of finished product. 

PRODUCTION-Planned Order

PRODUCTION-Production Order- Initial state

PRODUCTION-Production Order- Completed State

PRODUCTION-Material Withdrawal Slip

PRODUCTION-Goods Receipt Document

Production Process and its Documents

• Planned Order

• Production Order- Initial state

• Production Order- Completed State

• Material Withdrawal Slip

• Goods Receipt Document

Instance Level Information

status of production for a particular order, required inventory status report, stock requirements list

Process Level Information

average time to produce, how many on time/delayed, reasons for delay

Procurement

procure to stock

Production

make to stock, necessary raw materials are available

Fulfillment

sell from stock, materials are available to fill customer orders

Intra

Inside (Human Capital Management, Asset Management)

Inter

between, among (Supply Chain Management, Supplier relationship management)

Are skateboards discrete or process manufacturing?

discrete

Forms of Inventory

• Raw Materials/Supplies

• WIP

• Finished goods inventory

TDP

Technical Data Package

BOM

Bill of Material

POS

Point of sale