UNIT 9: THE FIRST AND SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on the First and Second Industrial Revolutions.

Industrial Revolution

A long process of economic and social change that began in England and later spread worldwide.

First Industrial Revolution

Took place approximately between 1760 and 1840, marked by the rise of steam power and major advancements in coal and textile industries.

Second Industrial Revolution

Occurred in the late 19th century (around 1870 to 1914), characterized by new energy sources like electricity and innovations in the automotive and chemical industries.

Bourgeoisie

The social class that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, consisting of capitalists and industrialists.

Luddisme

A movement in which workers protested against mechanization by destroying machines.

Chartism

A working-class movement in Britain that aimed to increase political rights and improve working conditions in the 19th century.

Marxism

A socio-political theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels advocating for a classless society through revolutionary means.

Anarchism

A political philosophy that advocates for a society without authority, focusing on self-managed, stateless societies and rejecting all forms of involuntary coercion.

Utopian Socialism

A belief in the possibility of establishing socialism through peaceful means, focusing on communal cooperation.

Industrial Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership and the investment of resources in the industrial production process to generate profit.

Financial capitalism

An economic system where financial markets and institutions play a critical role in the allocation of resources, emphasizing investment and speculative activities over traditional industrial production.