MASLOW SET

conative needs

meaning that they have a striving or motivational character

prepotency

Lower level needs have ______ over higher level needs; that is, they must be satisfied or mostly satisfied before higher level needs become activated

physiological needs

Food, water, warmth, and rest

physiological needs

the only needs that can be completely satisfied or even overly satisfied

recurring nature

After people have eaten, they will eventually become hungry again; they constantly need to replenish their food and water supply; and one breath of air must be followed by another

safety needs

emotional and intellectual security

Safety Needs

needs that cannot be overly satiated

basic anxiety

adults who feel unsafe due to irrational fears from childhood and spend more energy than healthy people when trying to satisfy safety needs

love and belonging needs

friendship and sense of connection

esteem needs

Includes self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem

Reputation

the perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others

Self-esteem

a person’s own feelings of worth and confidence

self-actualization needs

achieving one’s full potential

Aesthetic Needs

the need for beauty and aesthetically pleasing experiences

Cognitive Needs

the desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, and to be curious

cognitive needs

When ______ needs are blocked, all needs on Maslow’s hierarchy are threatened; that is, knowledge is necessary to satisfy each of the five conative needs

Neurotic Needs

needs that are nonproductive, lead only to stagnation and pathology.

Unmotivated Behavior

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or drugs

Expressive behavior

often unmotivated and unconscious, takes place naturally and with little effort. It is often an end in itself and serves no other purpose than to be.

Coping behavior

ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned, and determined by the external environment. - involves the individual’s attempts to cope with the environment; to secure food and shelter; to make friends; and to receive acceptance, appreciation, and prestige from others.

Metapathology

the absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life

Instinctoid needs

needs that are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

Sex, for example, is a basic physiological need, but the manner in which it is expressed depends on learning

Hedonistic pleasure

usually temporary and not comparable to the quality of happiness produced by the satisfaction of higher needs.

Free from psychopathology

Progressed through the hierarchy of needs

Embracing of the B-Values

Criteria for Self-actualization

B-Values

indicators of psychological health

■ Different to deficiency needs, which motivate non-self-actualizers.

metaneeds

B-values are also called ____ to indicate that they are the ultimate level of needs

Metamotivation

characterized by expressive rather than coping behavior and is associated with the B-values.

Metamotivation

tentative answer to the problem of why some people have their lower needs satisfied, are capable of giving and receiving love, possess a great amount of confidence and self-esteem, and yet fail to pass over the threshold to self-actualization

B-values

Only people who live among the ____ are self-actualizing, and they alone are capable of metamotivation

desacralization

type of science that lacks emotion, joy, wonder, awe, and rapture

Taoistic Attitude for Psychology

Emphasized fascination and releasing people from controls to promote growth

Jonah Complex

fear of being one’s best; characterized by attempts to run away from one’s destiny as the biblical Jonah tried to escape from his fate

Psychotherapy

should be directed at the need level currently being thwarted, in most cases love and belongingness needs.

Being-values (B-Values)

To Maslow, the aim of therapy would be for clients to embrace the _______, that is, to value truth, justice, goodness, simplicity, and so forth.

D-love

deficiency love

B-love

love for the “being” of the other

unmotivated, expressive behavior not motivated by a deficiency or incompleteness of the lover

Mindfulness

Buddhist concept that has begun to be examined in Western therapeutic and scientific domains

Positive psychology

combines an emphasis on hope, optimism, and well-being with scientific research and assessment

Peak Experiences

extremely positive experiences that involve a sense of awe, wonder, and reverence

Evil

stems from the frustration or thwarting of basic needs, not from the essential nature of people

1 : Which term is best associated with Maslow?

a. client-centered therapy

b. self-actualization

c. personal constructs

d. behaviorism

e. functional autonomy

b. self-actualization

2 : During childhood and adolescence, Maslow was

a. shy and socially backwards.

b. pampered by his mother.

c. overly combative with his older brothers.

d. more interested in sports than in books.

a. shy and socially backwards.

3 : As a young man, Maslow experienced a fortuitous event that

changed his life. This event happened when he

a. met Alfred Adler.

b. first kissed his cousin Bertha Goodman.

c. made the Dean's honor roll at Cornell.

d. converted from Judaism to Protestantism.

b. first kissed his cousin Bertha Goodman.

4 : During his early professional career, Maslow was influenced by

a. behaviorism.

b. Harry Harlow.

c. E. L. Thorndike.

d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

5 : In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that

a. people in different cultures have different basic needs.

b. motivation is nearly always conscious.

c. people are motivated by one need at a time.

d. people are continually motivated by one need or another.

e. both a and d are correct.

d. people are continually motivated by one need or another.

6 : Maslow's concept of hierarchy of needs assumes that

a. higher needs have prepotency over lower needs.

b. lower needs have prepotency over higher needs.

c. love needs are more basic than physiological needs.

d. cognitive needs must be satisfied before aesthetic needs become motivators.

e. aesthetic needs are prepotent over cognitive needs.

b. lower needs have prepotency over higher needs.

7 : When safety needs are not satisfied, a person will be

motivated by which needs?

a. physiological

b. safety

c. love and belongingness

d. neurotic

e. cognitive

b. safety

8 : Safety needs are usually strongest for

a. children.

b. men.

c. women.

d. hungry people.

e. mountain climbers.

a. children.

9 : Maslow said that basic anxiety is experienced when people

a. fail to satisfy physiological needs.

b. feel alienated from other people.

c. fail to satisfy safety needs.

d. develop a fear of being and doing their best.

e. are motivated by metaneeds.

c. fail to satisfy safety needs.

10 : A person who has never received love is likely to

a. devalue it.

b. be strongly motivated to attain it.

c. experience basic anxiety.

d. be motivated by esteem needs.

a. devalue it.

11 : Feelings of self-worth, confidence, and competence were

considered by Maslow to be

a. unnecessary for self-actualization.

b. esteem needs.

c. self-actualization needs.

d. love and belongingness needs.

b. esteem needs.

12 : According to Maslow, neurotic needs are activated

a. only when satisfied.

b. only when frustrated.

c. whether they are satisfied or not.

d. when love and belongingness needs are frustrated.

c. whether they are satisfied or not.

13 : With regard to needs, which of these statements would Maslow endorse?

a. Safety needs must be satisfied more fully than physiological needs.

b. People are usually conscious of their underlying needs.

c. The order of needs may be reversed in certain cases.

d. One need must be completely satisfied before another can become a motivator.

c. The order of needs may be reversed in certain cases.

14 : According to Maslow,

a. some behavior is not motivated.

b. all behavior has a cause.

c. both a and b.

d. neither a nor b.

c. both a and b.

15 : Maslow believed that people who fail to satisfy self

actualization needs

a. embrace the M-values.

b. suffer from metapathology.

c. become neurotic.

d. embrace the B-values

b. suffer from metapathology.

16 : Instinctoid needs are those that

a. spring from a modern industrialized society.

b. result in pathology when frustrated.

c. are unique to humans.

d. can be modified by learning.

e. all except a.

e. all except a.

17 : According to Maslow, metamotivation

a. is characterized by coping rather than expressive behavior.

b. is the need for peak experiences.

c. represents the motives of self-actualizing people.

d. is associated with D-values

e. represents the motives of neurotic people.

c. represents the motives of self-actualizing people.

18 : Which of the following was NOT listed by Maslow as a

characteristic of self-actualizing people?

a. social interest

b. autonomy

c. need for privacy

d. acceptance of self, others, and nature

e. people-centered

e. people-centered

19 : Maslow said that self-actualizing people

a. feel lonely when they are alone.

b. experience anxiety when faced with the unknown.

c. desire to inform, convert, and instruct others.

d. experience a more efficient perception of reality.

d. experience a more efficient perception of reality.

20 : Maslow said that B-love is

a. brotherly love.

b. unmotivated, expressive behavior.

c. motivated by love and belongingness needs.

d. motivated by the peak experience.

e. burdensome love.

b. unmotivated, expressive behavior.

21 : Maslow called the fear of being one's best

a. the Jonah complex.

b. the fear of failure.

c. the Moses complex.

d. metapathology.

e. desacralization.

a. the Jonah complex.

22 : Maslow insisted that scientists should

a. be unbiased.

b. discover truth.

c. be willing to desacralize science.

d. be willing to resacralize science.

d. be willing to resacralize science.