Lesson 8.3 Lower Respiratory tract

diaphragm

the muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

diaphragmatic

pertaining to the diaphragm

fissure (fissures)

deep furrow or cleft

lobe

subdivision of an organ or other part

lobar

pertaining to a lobe

lobectomy

surgical removal of a lobe

mediastinum

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

mediastinal

pertaining to the mediastinum

pleura (pleurae)

membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity; greek for rib

plueral

pertaining to the pleura

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

segment

a section of an organ or structure; latin for to cut

bradypnea

slow breathing

cyanosis

blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood

cyanotic

pertaining to or marked by cyanosis

dyspnea (DOB)

difficult breathing

eupnea

normal breathing

exhale

breathe out

expectorate

cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract

hemoptysis

bloody sputum

hyperpnea

deeper and more rapid breathing than normal

inhale

breathe in

phlegm

abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract

tachypnea

rapid breathing

CAO

chronic airway obstruction

CF

cystic fibrosis

CHF

congestive heart failure

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

asthma

episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways

asthmatic

pertaining to or suffering from asthma

auscultation

diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope

bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

bronchoconstriction

reduction in diameter of a bronchus

bulla (bullae)

bubble-like dilated structure

cystic fibrosis

genetic disease in which excessive viscid mucus obstructs passages, including bronchi

emphysema

dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

hypercapnia

abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream

hypersecretion

excessive secretion of mucus (or enzymes or waste products)

rhonchus

wheezing sound heard on auscultation of the lungs; made by air passing through a constricted lumen; greek for snoring

viscosity

the resistance of a fluid to flow

viscous

sticky fluid that is resistant to flow

ARDS

adult respiratory distress syndrome

NRDS

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

adenocarcinoma

a cancer arising from glandular epithelial cells

anthracosis

lung disease caused by the inhalation of coal dust

anthrax

a severe, malignant infectious disease

asbetosis

lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles

aspiration

removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

atelectasis

collapse of part of a lung

bronchogenic

arising from a bronchus

bronchopneumonia

acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma

empyema

pus in a body cavity, particularly in the pleural cavity

hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity

parenchyma

the specific functional cells of a gland or organ (e.g., the lung) that are supported by the connective tissue framework

pneumoconiosis (pneumoconioses)

fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts

pneumonia (pneumonitis)

inflammation of the lung parenchyma (tissue)

sarcoidosis

granulomatous lesions of the lungs and other organs; cause is unknown

silicosis

fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles

thoracentesis (pleural tap)

insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air

tuberculosis

infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue

-tic, -al, -ate, -atic, -ar

pertaining to

diaphragm/a

diaphragm

-ure

process, result of

fiss

split

lob

lobe

-ectomy

surgical excision

-um

structure

media-

middle

stin

partition

pleur

pleura

-isy

inflammation

brady-

slow

-pnea

breathe

-osis

condition

cyan/o

dark blue

dys-

bad, difficult

eu-

normal, good

ex-

out

hale

breathe

pector

chest

hyper-

excessive

in-

in

tachy-

rapid

asthm

asthm

-ation

a process

auscult

listen to

-ectasis

dilation

bronch/i/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchus (used in bronchiolitis to refer to bronchioles)

-ion

action, condition

constrict

to narrow

cyst

cyst

-osis

abnormal condition

fibr

fiber

em-

in, into

physema

blowing

-ia

condition

capn

carbon dioxide

secret

secrete