Unit 7 Lesson 1 Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations (copy)

In WW1 the casualties were: 22,20,10

___ million soldiers and civilians died;
___ million were wounded; ___ million were refugees

How much did the war cost?

$338 billion dollars

What was the peace plan Wilson developed near the end of WW1?

The 14 points

His peace plan was based on eliminating the reasons for

WW1:

M-illitarism

A-lliances

I-mperialism

N-ationalism

Points 1-5 of Wilson’s 14 points focused
on

(creating new international rules that would eliminate future wars) No more secret treaties or alliances , Reduction of militaries, Freedom of the seas and free trade, and International control over colonies to end imperialism 

Points 6-13 of Wilson’s 14 points focused on

dividing weak empires like Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire into new nations based on self-determination

Wilson believed that new nations should have borders drawn with consideration to

ethnic and national identities

He wanted new nations to be free to

choose their own governments (Democracy)

Point 14 focused on

creating a League of Nations to settle all future international problems by diplomacy rather than by war

President Wilson traveled to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to help

create the Treaty of Versailles

The big 4

British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, Italian
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando, French Premier George Clemenceau, and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson

When was the Treaty of Versailles made?

June 28, 1919

Where was the league of nations made

Paris Peace Conferencein 1919.

The League
was made up
of a General Assembly of

27 nations

what was the only points of wilson’s in the Treaty of Versailles?

14

The Treaty of Versailles redrew the
map of

Europe and the Middle East 

Central Europe was redrawn to reduce the power
of

Austria-Hungary

German territories were used to create

Poland

Germany’s border with France was

demilitarized to prevent a future invasion

The Ottoman Empire was divided;

Britain and France gained mandates in the Middle East

New nations were created from territory taken from Russia

(who left WWI early after the Russian Revolution)

How was Germany punished Because of WW1?

1. forced to surrender all of its overseas colonies

2. military was reduced and forbidden from building weapons

3. had
   to accept full responsibility for the war and pay $33 billion in war reparations 

The Treaty of Versailles did not address important issues that caused World War I being….

1. The treaty did not require any of the Allied nations to demilitarize or give up imperial colonies

2. The treaty did not address secret alliances or guarantee free trade

3. The treaty was so severe that it kept Germany from rebuilding 

Constitution gives ____ the power to approve treaties

Senate

vote in the was needed to ratify the treaty and join the League

2/3 and the Senate

Many Senators did not like the treaty because

signing it meant joining the League of Nations

Senators known as the Strong Reservationists demanded

changes to the League covenant that required members to work together to stop aggression 

Senators known as the Irreconcilables wanted

the USA to return to isolationism and refused to sign the treaty or commit to the League of Nations

Who won the election of 1920?

Warren Harding

Warren Hardings promise

a “return to normalcy”
and rejection of the League of Nations 

The United States began
the 20^th century as an

imperial power and reluctantly entered WWI
to protect free trade

Involvement in the war led to changes for

 women and African Americans and an economic boom

The United States played a major role in the peace process, but refusal to join the League

weakened the ability of world leaders to stop World War II