Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to drug absorption, pharmacokinetics, and related concepts as discussed in the lecture.

Drug Absorption

Transport of drug from the site of administration to blood circulation.

pH of the Stomach

Ranges from 1 to 3, favoring the absorption of neutral and acidic drugs.

Small Intestine

Primary site of drug absorption, with a pH range of 5 to 7.5.

Passive Diffusion

A mechanism by which lipophilic drugs are absorbed through the membrane without energy.

Active Transport

The process where larger molecules are absorbed by transport proteins.

Drug Ionization

The process where a drug gains or loses an electron, affecting its solubility and absorption.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

An equation used to calculate pH based on the ratio of ionized to unionized forms of a drug.

First-Pass Metabolism

The initial metabolism of a drug when it is taken orally before it reaches systemic circulation.

Excipient

Substances other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient included in a formulation to aid processing and stability.

Log D

A distribution coefficient that describes the lipophilicity of ionizable compounds at a given pH.

Gastric Emptying Rate

The speed at which the stomach empties its contents, affecting drug absorption.

Transdermal Absorption

The process of absorption of drugs across the skin for a systemic effect.

Lymphatic Absorption

Intestinal lymphatic route plays a key role in the absorption of lipophilic drugs.

Physicochemical Factors

Factors like ionization, molecular size, and lipophilicity that influence oral drug absorption.

Enteric Coating

A coating designed to protect drugs from stomach acid and release them in the alkaline environment of the small intestine.

Drug-Disease Interaction

Occurs when a patient's medical condition affects a drug's effectiveness, or when a drug exacerbates an existing disease.

Sustained Release

Medications that deliver a drug at a controlled rate for prolonged effect.

Drug Absorption

Transport of drug from the site of administration to blood circulation.

pH of the Stomach

Ranges from 1 to 3, favoring the absorption of neutral and acidic drugs.

Small Intestine

Primary site of drug absorption, with a pH range of 5 to 7.5.

Passive Diffusion

A mechanism by which lipophilic drugs are absorbed through the membrane without energy.

Active Transport

The process where larger molecules are absorbed by transport proteins.

Drug Ionization

The process where a drug gains or loses an electron, affecting its solubility and absorption.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

An equation used to calculate pH based on the ratio of ionized to unionized forms of a drug.

First-Pass Metabolism

The initial metabolism of a drug when it is taken orally before it reaches systemic circulation.

Excipient

Substances other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient included in a formulation to aid processing and stability.

Log D

A distribution coefficient that describes the lipophilicity of ionizable compounds at a given pH.

Gastric Emptying Rate

The speed at which the stomach empties its contents, affecting drug absorption.

Transdermal Absorption

The process of absorption of drugs across the skin for a systemic effect.

Lymphatic Absorption

Intestinal lymphatic route plays a key role in the absorption of lipophilic drugs.

Physicochemical Factors

Factors like ionization, molecular size, and lipophilicity that influence oral drug absorption.

Enteric Coating

A coating designed to protect drugs from stomach acid and release them in the alkaline environment of the small intestine.

Drug-Disease Interaction

Occurs when a patient's medical condition affects a drug's effectiveness, or when a drug exacerbates an existing disease.

Sustained Release

Medications that deliver a drug at a controlled rate for prolonged effect.

Bioavailability

The fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation.

Drug Solubility

The maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure, crucial for absorption.

P-glycoprotein

An efflux transporter protein that pumps many drugs out of cells, reducing their absorption and increasing elimination.

In drug-disease interactions, Beta blockers used for heart disease or high blood pressure but….

can worsen asthma

Anticholinergic drugs when interact with disease of

dimentia ( possible outcomes: delirium)

Antipsychotics is when interact with disease of

Parkinson’s disease (possible outcomes: worsening of parkinson’s disease symptoms)

Aspirin is when interact with disease of

peptic ulcer (possible outcomes: gastrointestinal bleeding)

Thiazides is when interact with disease of

Gout (possible outcomes: worsening of gout:

First gen calcium channel blockers when interact with disease of

congestive heart failure (potential outcomes: worsening of heart failure)

Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs when interact with disease of

decreased renal function (possible outcomes: renal failure)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory when interact with disease of

heart failure (possible outcomes: worsening heart failure)