Animal Reproduction

Flashcards about male and female reproductive systems discussing anatomy and physiology of the reproductive organs, the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and parturition.

Scrotum

External pouch enclosing the testes, supporting them and maintaining temperature.

Testes

Male sex glands producing sperm (spermatozoa).

Inguinal ring

Opening that allow retracting the testicle back into the abdomen

Seminiferous tubules

Coiled tubules inside the testicle where sperm production occurs.

Orchidectomy

Technical term for castration, removal of the testes.

Neuter

Generic term for sexually altering animals.

Spermatogenesis

Production of sperm, starting in the seminiferous tubule of the testicle.

Epididymis

Structure for semen storage, passage from the testicle, and maturation for motility.

Semen

Fluid containing sperm plus nourishing and volume-adding substances.

Ductus deferens

Tube connecting the epididymis, carrying semen to the pelvic region/urethra.

Spermatic Cord

Encasement of ductus deferens; contains nerves, vessels, and the cremaster muscle.

Accessory Glands

Glands (prostate, vesicular, bulbourethral) aiding sperm motility/nourishment.

Seminal vesicles

Glands secreting a thick yellow substance, nourishing sperm and increasing ejaculate volume.

Prostate gland

Gland near the urethra secreting fluid improving sperm motility.

Bulbourethral Gland

Gland secreting mucus-like lubricant around the urethra.

Urethra

Tube carrying urine from the kidneys and semen to the outside.

Prepuce

Protective covering over the end of the penis.

Ospenis

Bone in the urethra present in some species (e.g., dogs, raccoons).

Ovaries

Female sex glands, producing eggs and hormones (estrogen, progesterone).

Oocyte

Egg cell.

Infundibulum

Funnel-shaped structure with fimbriae to catch released eggs and direct it down where it needs ot go.

Fimbriae

Finger-like projections that catch released eggs

Uterine Tube

Tubes (oviducts, fallopian tubes) carrying ova from the ovary to the uterus, where fertilization occurs.

Uterus

Thick-walled muscular organ with endometrium lining to uterus.

Perimetrium

Uterine wall external covering.

Myometrium

Uterine wall middle muscle layer.

Endometrium

Uterine wall internal lining.

Cervix

Caudal continuation of the uterus, closed except during heat/parturition, preventing foreign substance entry.

Vagina

Muscular tube, receives the penis during copulation near the cervix.

Vulva

Opening to both reproductive and urinary tracts.

Labia

Lips of the vulva.

Mammary Glands

Provide nourishment to offspring depending on species litter bearing vs udders w/ teats

Ovarohysterectomy

Cutting out the ovaries and the uterus

Estrus Cycle

Heat cycle in females that stars at the onset of the puberty.

Proestrus

First stage of estrus cycle, not sexually receptive, FSH increases and estrogen is secreted.

Estrus

Second stage of estrus cycle, when female is sexually receptive or "in heat."

Digestibility

Stage of quietness and inactivity.

Anestrus

Long period of inactivity between cycles.

Diestrus

Short period of inactivity between cycles

Monestrous

One heat cycle per year.

Polyestrous

Multiple heat cycles per year.

Spontaneous ovulators

The ovum is released and occurs cyclic.

Seasonally

A specific time of year the heat cycle occurs

Induced ovulators

Ovulate only after being bred.

Intramission

Introduction of the penis into the vagina.

Ejaculate

Semen released during coitus, sperm with nourishing fluids.

Fertilization

Union of the egg and the sperm.

Placenta

Develops during pregnancy

Amnion

The innermost membrane, and it is the one that's closest around the fetus in this placenta.

Allantoid

The innermost layer that forms the sac between that and where the fetal waste kind of accumulates to get that out of the system.

Chorion

The innermost part.

Placentome

Made up of a cotyledon and a caruncle, bump that is felt while pregnant in uterus.

Gravido

Combining from for to be pregnant.

Viviparous

Animal that bears live young

Pregnancy

Process from conception to parturition.

Parturition

Term for giving birth.

Pseudo cices

False Pregnancy

Gestation

Time the fetus is developing in the uterus from conception to parturition.

Third stage

Delivery of the placenta.

Neonates

Newborns

Meconium

First stool.

Colostrum

First milk given immunity to the animal.

Lactation

Term that we use for milk production.