AP exam review

function of angiotensin II

vasoconstriction

function of aldosterone

increases sodium reabsorption

what triggers the secretion of EPO?

hypoxia

“Epinephrine primarily binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of cardiac pacemaker cells to affect heart rate.”

a. true

b. false

b. false

it binds to alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

function of insulin on blood glucose

increases blood glucose concentration

function of cortisol on blood glucose

increases blood glucose concentration

identify if the hormone is lipid or water soluable:

Epinephrine

T3/T4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Andrenocorticotorpin hormone (ACTH)

Aldosterone

Epinephrine water

T3/T4 lipid

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) water

Andrenocorticotorpin hormone (ACTH) water

Aldosterone lipid

the heme of old RBCs is converted to biliverdin in…

macrophages

what white blood cell is responsible for producing T cells and B cells

lymphocytes

identify the characteristics that are true of monocytes

monocytes are

a. granulocytes

b. agranulocytes

and

c. lymhoid

d. myeloid

monocytes are agranulocytes, myeloid

During ventricular ejection the ECG shows…

the QRS complex and ST segment are complete, the T wave begins at the end of this phase

During which phase of the cardiac pacemaker action potential do HCN (or funny) ion channels open?

phase 4

(they have to open BEFORE rapid depolarization occurs in phase 0)

Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump during exercise (DECREASES/INCREASES) venous return.

Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump during exercise INCREASES venous return.

An increase in heart rate will ALWAYS increase cardiac output.

a. true

b. false

 

(Hint:  think about what happens to time spent in diastole and the consequences that follow as heart rate increases!)

b. false

at a certain point CO starts decreasing since the heart just cant keep up and not enough time is spent in diastole

In an experiment, students clamp both the right renal artery and the left renal artery to stop blood flow to the kidney.  Select ALL that is true of this experiment and its outcome.  

the MAP decreases

aldosterone secretion increases

vasodilation of systemic arterioles

renin secretion increases

angiotensin II levels increase in bloodstream

aldosterone secretion increases

renin secretion increases

angiotensin II levels increase in bloodstream

when blood flow is stopped to kidney

Identify the hormone's effect on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).

ADH

angiotensin II

aldosterone

atrial natriuretic peptide

ADH increase

angiotensin II increase

aldosterone increase

atrial natriuretic peptide decrease

where are fenestrated capillaries typically found?

kidneys, NOT lungs

The hormone ______ is responsible for increasing sodium reabsorption and thus water reabsorption following activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

aldosterone

Elastic connective tissue in the walls of large arteries creates elastic rebound during diastole and contributes to the pressure in the arterial system.

a. true

b. false

a. true (elastic rebound contributes to pressure in arterial system)

Select ALL that is applicable to bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation. 

a. epinephrine secretion results in bronchodilation when epinephrine binds to beta 2 adrenergic receptors

b. albuterol is a drug that mimics the effect of epinephrine on the bronchioles

c. parasympathetic innervation of the bronchiole smooth muscle results in bronchodilation

d. histamine secretion results in bronchoconstriction

a, b, d

parasympathetic innervation =/ bronchodilation

In an experiment, students inject an anesthetized rabbit with lactic acid while monitoring the animal's breathing rate. This treatment would result in an increase in breathing rate and depth in the animal.

a. true

b. false

a. true (lactic acid increases breathing rate and depth)

Cholecystokinin (CCK), is a (an)____ secreted by the ____ that  ____ the secretion of bile.  

 CCK is a hormone secreted by the duodenum that stimulates the secretion of bile.  

What cranial nerve, when stimulated, results in the secretion of both HCl and bile?

 

glossopharyngeal

retropineal organs

SADPUCKER

S - supra renal glands (adrenal)

A - abdominal aorta and IVC

D - distal duodenum

P - pancreas (head and body only)

U - ureters

C - colon (only ascending and descending)

K - kidney

E - esophagus

R - rectum