GI diseases in cats & dogs

___ is a reversile proccess that involved inflammation of the margin of the gums

gingivitis

Gingivitis is cause by the accumulation of ___ on the teeth which is a nidus for ___ growth

tartar, bacterial

___ is the irreversible condition that results in loss of gingival epithelial root attachment and alveolar bone resorption

periodontitis

periodontal disease is a collectie term for ___ induced inflammation of gums

plaque

For gingivitis and periodontal disease the ___ we treat the better, and the the best preventative care is ___ education

earlier, client

Clinical signs of gingivitis and periodontal disease

halitosis, pawing at the mouth, head shyness, oral pain, facial swelling, tooth loss

Diagnosis of gingivitis and periodontal disease has ___ stages, requires a complete ___ exam and ± need anesthesia, next has prescence of ___ on teeth and inflammation, increased gingival ___ depth.

4, oral, tartar, sulcus

treatment of gingivitis and periodontal disease: Dental ___ may need extractions, ___ planning, gingival ___, and ___

scaling, root, curettage, antibiotics

___ ___ is an accumulation of excessive amounts of salive in the SQ tissue and the consequent tissue reaction occurs, and this is the most common clinically recognized disease of salivary glands in dogs

salivary mucocele

Clinical signs of salivary mucocele: slowly, enlarging, painless, fluid-filled swelling of the ___ or under the ___, difficulty ___ or ___, reluctance to ___, ___- tinged saliva

neck, tongue, swallowing, breathing, eat, blood

Diagnosis of salivary mucocele: ___ signs, ___ of the suspected mucocele give a sample with ___ blood-tinged fluid with a low cell count

clinical, aspiration, stringy

treatment of salivary mucocele: ___ of fluid and surgical ___, or removal of ___

aspiration, drainage, gland

Immune-mediated inglammatory bowel disease is most common in ___

cats

Immune- meadiated inflammatory bowel disease is a result of the accumulation of inflammatory cells w/ in the lining of the ___ ___, ___, ___ ___

small intestine, stomach, large bowel

The cause of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease could be a disruption of the ___ tolerance to the normal bacterial flora of the small intestine or to diet leading to an inflmmatory responce w/ cellular ___

immulogic, infiltration

Clinical signs of immune-medieated inflammatory bowel disease: chronic ___ and ___, weight ___, straining to ___ and there is ___ in the stool

vomiting, diarrhea, loss, defecate, mucus

Diagnosis of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease: r/o other causes of chronic vomiting and diarrhea, CBC, Chem, UA, fecal w/ culture, FeLV/FIV testing, cobalamin and folate levels, endoscopy of ___, ___ ___, and ___ with biopsies

stomach, small intestine, colon

Inflammatory bowel disease is chronic IBD, and is the commonly ___-___ enteritis

lymphocytic-plasmocytic

IBD is caused by chronic entigenic stimulation in the intestinal ___ leading to excessive infiltration of ___ and ___ cells leading to damage to the mucosa leading to abnormal intestinal absorption

lumen, lymphocytes, plasma,

Clinical signs of IBD: usually nonspecific, chronic intermittent ___ and ___, listlessness, weight ___, PU/PD, ___, ___

vomiting, diarrhea, loss, borborygmus, halitosis

Diagnosis of IBD has an unremarkable ___ with or without ___/___. Labs ___, ___, fecals to rule out ___ and intestinal biopsies

PE, edema, ascites, CBC, Chem, parasites

Typets of treatments of IBD ___ or ___

medical, dietary

___ ___/___ is most common in large giant breeds with deep-chested dogs

Gastric dilation/volvulus

Gastric dilation of the stomach means it ___ with air, food, fluid or all of the above, and it can occulude the outflow tracts

distends

Gastric volvulus is an ___ where the stomach twist along the ___ axis, this can lead to ___ or pushing on the caudal venal cava leading to ___

emergency, longitudinal, dyspnea, shock

Clinical signs of GDV: nonproductive ___, hyper___, ___, ___ pain/distention, increased HR/RR,___,___

retching, salivation, nausea, abdominal, weakness, collapse

Diagnosis of GDV: ___, ___ and ___ the right lateral will be air filled

Hx, PE, radiographs

Type of treatment of GDV: ___ tx of shock, alleviate ___, ___ correction, ___ therapy

aggresive, distention, surgial, drug

postoperative nursing care for GDV: monitoring ___, pain management, ___, monitor ___ and ___ balance, drug therapy to control ___ and ___, reintroduce ___ slowly. Providing client information: Avoid feeding just ___ meal per day, limit ___ before and after eating. gastropexy does guarantee no future ___ episodes

ECG, antibiotics, fluid, electrolytes, nausea vomiting, food, one, exercise, bloat

Types of of diarrhea ___,___,___,___,___ intolerance/sensitivity

acute, parasitic, viral, bacterial, dietary

Clinical signs of diarrhea with± ___, ___, ± ___, ___, ___, ___ pain

blood, mucus, vomiting, fever, anorexia, abdominal

Diagnosis of diarrhea: ___ and ___, a ___ exam and culture, ___ testing for viruses and parasites, ___ trial

Hx, PE, fecal, ELISA, abdominal

Treatment of diarrhea: depends on the ___, supportive care like ___ therapy, GI ___,___ change, Drug therapy: ___, ___, intestinal ___, GI ___

type, fluid, rest, diet, antibiotics, antiparasitics, adsorbents, protectants

___ occurs when the smaller proximal segment of the intestine at the ileocecocolic junction invaginates into the larger, more distal segment of the large bowel.

Intussusception

Intussusception causes a partial to complete ___ which compromises ___ supply and causes ___ necrosis

blockage, blood, bowel

Intussusception tends to be ___ but can occur due to ___ infection, foreign ___, ___ and ___

idiopathic, parasitic, bodies, infection, neoplasia

Clinical signs of intussusception: ___ and ___ with or without blood, ___ and ___

vomitting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression

Diagnosis of intussusception: abdominal ___, abdominal ___, and ___ with or without contrast

palpation, ultrasounds, radiographs

treatments of intussusception: ___, drug therapy: ___, ___ rest

Surgical, antibiotics, GI

Megacolon is most common in ___

cats

Megacolon occurs due to the distention of the colon as a result of ___

obstipation

Clinical signs of megacolon: straining to ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, small, hard ___ or liquid ___ ± blood and mucus

defecate, vomiting, anorexia, dehydration, weakness, feces, feces

Diagnosis of megacolon: palpation of a ___ colon filled with firm packed ___, ___ showing a colon width wider than the length of a lumbar vertebrae

distended, feces, radiography,

types of treatment of megacolon: ___, ___, ___ care, ___

medical, dietary, hospital, surgical

Constipation is relatively ___ and be wary of suggesting ___ to an owner without ___

laxatives, exams

___ is the failure or difficulty in passing feces

constipation

Clinical signs of constipation: straining to ___, ___ ± vomiting, passing small amount of ___, ___ stool

defecate anorexia, hard, dry

Diagnosis of constipation: ___,___,___

palpation, radiographs, bloodworks

Treatment of constipation: ___, oral ___, ___ therapy, ___

enema, laxatives, fluid, deobstipation

Leptospirosis is ___ meaning it is contagious to humans

zoonotic

Leptospirosis affects ___ animals incidentally, as other animals like skunk, raccoon, opoppom and pigs

companion

___ is the infection of Leptospira bacteria coming from contaminated soil/ water, and is shed in urine of infected animals

leptospirosis

Clinical signs of leptospirosis: acute ___ failure, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, reluctance to ___

renal, vomiting, dehydration, fever, polydipsia, jaundice, move

diagnosis of leptospirosis: ___, ___, and ___

serology, CBC, Chem

Treatment of leptospirosis: supportive care including ___ fluids ± ___ if oliguric, ___

IV, diuretics, antibiotics

Feline hepatic lipidosis is the most ___ hepatopathy in cats and is usually triggered by ___. Prolonged ___ triggers peripheral fat breakdown; in turn, the liver can’t ___ fats fast enough, and the fat accumulates within the ___

common, idiopathic, stress, anorexia, process, hepatocytes

Clinical signs of Feline Hepatic lipidosis: ___ ___ cat with weight loss, ___, ___ vomiting, ___

obese, anorexic, depression, sporadic, icterus

Diagnosis: ___/___, abdominal ___, abnominal ___, ___ biopsy

CBC/Chem, radiographs, ultrasounds, liver

Treatment of Feline hepatic lipidosis: ___ support with a feeding tube placed for ___ days up to ___ weeks. Drug therapy with: ___ fluids, _-__, _-__, ___ stimulant. ___, and ___ care

nutritive, 10, 6, IV, anti-nausea, anti-emetic, appetite, monitoring, nursing

___ is the inflammation of the pancreas can be ___ or ___. It is more prevalent in ___ animals, or those who eat high ___ foods

pancreatitis, acute, chronic, obese, fats

Causes of pancreatitis: ___, ___ of GI flora, ___, ___, ___

drugs, disruption, parasites, tumors, trauma

Clinical signs of pancreatitis: ___, ___, ___, ___, ± ___, ___, ___, ± ___ pain

obesity, depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, fever, abdominal

Diagnosis of pancreatitis: ___/___, ___

CBC/chem, PLI

Treatment of pancreatitis: GI rest for _-__ days, ___ and ___, drug therapy: ___ medication, ___, ___, _-___, GI ___

3-4, fluid, electrolytes, pain, antibiotics, anti-emetics, protectants

___ ___ is a vascular communicaions between the portal and systemic venous systems that allow bood to bypass the liver leading to hepatic encephalopathy

portosystemic shunts

Clinical signs of portosystemic shunts: develops by ___ months, ___ impacts, ___ impacts, ___ impacts

6, CNS, GI, Urinary

Diagnosis of portosystemic shunts: ___/___, ___, ___ ultrasound

CBC/ Chem, radiograph, abdominal

Treatment of portosystemic shunts: ___ although seldom sucessful, and ___ if extra hepatic and they need to be monitors very closely post op

medical, surgical

Portosystemic shunts can either be ___hepatic and ___hepatic

intra, extra

___ ___ occur via ___ atrophy of the levator ani muscle and herniation of the rectum and other pelvic organs into the ischioectal fossa, and is common in intact male dogs

perineal hernia, neurogenic

Clinical signs of perineal hernia: reductible perineal ___, ___, ___, ___/___, signs of ___ obstuction

swelling, tenesmus, dyschezia, constipation, obstipation, urethral

Diagnosis of perineal hernia: ___ ___

renal palpation

Treatment of perineal hernia: ___- stool softeners, enemas; ___- herniorrhaphy, castration

medical, surgical