TROPICAL DESIGN

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TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE

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1

TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE

a climate responsive architecture where the buildings are specifically designed to achieve thermal comfort in a tropical region

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THERMAL COMFORT

human comfort as determined by the ability of the body to dissipate the heat and moisture.

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3

24 degree celcius

WHAT DEGREE IS THE COMFORTABLE THERMAL COMFORT IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES

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4

HEAT

thermal condition of the atmosphere at high temperature

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5

HUMIDITY

it is the presence of water vapor in the air

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6

CLIMATE

it is the usual condition of the temperature in the atmosphere for a long time

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7

WEATHER

it is the day to day condition

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8

THE CONCEPT OF A GEOGRAPHICAL ZONE WAS FIRST HYPOTHESIZED BY THE GREEK SCHOLAR

parmenides

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9

CLIMATIC DESIGN

it is the process of identifying, understanding and controlling the climatic influences at the building site

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10

KOPPEN CLIMATE CALSSIFICATION

the most commonly used climate map developed by Wladimir Peter Koppen

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11

ARCTIC

characterized by long cold winters and short cool summers

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12

EQUATORIAL

it is usually found along the equator

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13

TEMPERATE

it is between tropics and polar regions

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14

TROPICAL AND SUB TROPICAL

it is where temperature remains relatively constant throughout the year.

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15

CLIMATE

it is the long- pattern of weather in a particular area.

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16

WET (RAIN FOREST)

the most predictable weather on earth, with warm temperature and regular rainfall

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17

MONSOON

a wind system that reverses its direction every six months

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18

SOLAR RADIATION

a radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly electromagnetic energy

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19

SUN PATH ORIENTATION

the sun’s position in the sky changes throughout the day and seasonally

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20

CONDUCTION

a process of heat transfer from warmer to cooler temperature within a solid material

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21

CONVECTION

a process of heat transfer by circulation or movement of hot particles

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22

RADIATION

involves the interchange of electromagnetic waves between surfaces that are different temperature

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23

AIR TEMPERATURE

is a measure how hot or cold the air is using thermometer

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24

WIND

the natural movement of air

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25

ANEMOMETER

it is used in measuring the wind velocity

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26

HUMIDITY

amount of water vapor in the atmosphere

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27

ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY

the amount of water vapor present in given mass of air at particular time and temperature

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28

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

the ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold

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29

PRECIPITATION

the product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor

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30

TROPICAL DESIGN

passive cooling

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31

PASSIVE COOLING

design with no mechanical equipment used to induced comfort conditions

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32

INDUCING AIR MOVEMENTS

relevant for areas with temperature variations of 10 degree celsius

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33

CORIOLIS EFFECT

the rotation of earth deflects the air

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34

SEA BREEZE

wind from the sea directed toward land

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35

LAND BREEZE

wind from land directed to sea

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36

NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN)

the winter monsoon

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37

SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)

the summer monsoon

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38

SUN SHADING

reduce the amount of radiation by reflection and absorption

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39

BUILDING ORIENTATION

minimizes solar gain, maximize natural ventilation

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40

MAXIMUM VENTILATION

to better indoor air quality and achieve thermal comfort

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41

CROSS VENTILATION

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42

SINGLE SIDED VENTILATION

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43

STACK VENTILATION

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44

PALACIO DA ALVORADA

one of the notable building design by Oscar Niemeyer

<p>one of the notable building design by Oscar Niemeyer</p>
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45

BRASILIA, BRAZIL

location of Palacio da Alvorada (Palace of the Dawn)

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46

LUCIO COSTA

urban planner of Palacio da Alvorada

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47

MODERNIST STYLE

distinctive feature of Palacio da Alvorada, Niemeyer’s signature style

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48

OSCAR NIEMEYER

a prominent brazilian architect and one of the most influential figures in modern architect

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49

TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS

primarily attributed to advancements in technology, materials and design

<p>primarily attributed to advancements in technology, materials and design</p>
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50

MODERN BUILDINGS

typically constructed with advanced materials equipped with sophisticated mechanical system for heating, cooling and ventilation, and design with a focus on ergonomics, convenience and aesthetics

<p>typically constructed with advanced materials equipped with sophisticated mechanical system for heating, cooling and ventilation, and design with a focus on ergonomics, convenience and aesthetics</p>
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51

SEMINOLE HOUSE

allows for greater control over the indoor environments, resulting in higher level of comfort

<p>allows for greater control over the indoor environments, resulting in higher level of comfort</p>
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52

SHELTER

main instrument for fulfilling the requirements of comfort

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53

DESIGNER

architect’s problem is to produce an environment which will not place undue stress upon the body’s heat-compensation mechanism

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54

COMFORT

one of the main purposes of buildings other than ensuring safety and privacy

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55

MECHANIZATION

vernacular architectural styles of the tropics were gradually replaced by sealed concrete boxes without operable windows, fans or external sunshades

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56

INDIGENOUS STRUCTURES

provide a remarkably high degree of thermal comfort in sometime hostile environments

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57

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

first step towards a sustainable form of architecture

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58

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation

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59

TYPICAL MODERN 20th CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

characteristically thrown out of all the lessons of both indigenous and vernacular building and relied on mechanical heating and cooling

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60

VILLA SAVOYE

designed by Le Corbusier considered a seminal work of modernist architecture

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61

FRANCE

location of Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye

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62

BAHAY KUBO

tropical setting of the Philippines and designed as an adaption to its tropical environment

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63

ELEVATED ON STILTS

raised up and serve as the main posts of the house

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64

FLEXIBLE FRAMING

bamboo-made to allow it to sway during earthquake

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65

LARGE WINDOWS

to facilitate cross ventilation

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66

AWNING WINDOWS

for sun shading and precipitation protection

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67

BAHAY NA BATO

the evolutionary birth of the Philippines’ ancestral house which adapted the features of the Bahay Kubo

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68

STONE MASONRY

elevated from damp ground by stone on the ground floor

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69

HIGH PITCH ROOF

creating a large air space between the roof and ceiling

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70

WIDE “ALERO”

eaves that provide sun shading for window openings

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71

VENTANILLAS

below the window to take full advantage of cross ventilation

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72

LATTICED VENTS

allow breeze to enter floor cavity preventing hot air from accumulating

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73

GALLERIA VOLADA

double wall system or double-layered facade

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74

OPERABLE LOUVERS

recognize as jalousies on the exterior of the building

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75

CLAR ROOF TILES

roofing materials to keep the bahay na bato cool in temperature

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76

LIGHT-COLORED EXTERIOR

cause heat waves to bounce away from a house’s walls

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77

EXTERNAL SHADING

helps to lower internal temperatures

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78

INSULATED BUILDING ENVELOPES

lessen the need for appliances such as air conditioner

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79

OPEN PLAN LAYOUT

helps facilitate the blending of indoor spaces with the outdoor

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80

OPTIMAL VENTILATION

moderate internal temperatures, reduce the accumulation of moisture

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81

EASY VENTILATION CONTROL

maximizing the use of great ventilation based on the natural movement of the wind

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82

GREEN SURROUNDINGS

help to block the sun and keeps the living space cooler

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83

PUERTA

door of the entrada principal (main entrance)

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84

POSTIGO

service door serves as pedestrian passage

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85

PIEDRA CHINA

blocks of white stone that paved the zaguan of houses near the port

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86

ZAGUAN

area opened to the carruaje and the empty carozza

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87

CUADRA

stable for horses

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88

COQUINA

coral rock quarried from reefs during low tide was used as ground floor

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89

SILONG

hollow space beneath a bahay kubo was for storing livestock

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90

ENTRESUELO

mezzanine, this is the area where clients, tenants or estate manager wait before being admitted to the office

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91

AZULEJO

expensive, patterned hand-painted tiles

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92

DESCANSO

stair landing

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93

CAIDA

landing on the upper entrance hall

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94

ESCALERA

wooden staircase

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95

SALA MAYOR

main living room, place for late-afternoon parties

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96

BASTONERO

a hat and cane rank placed at the caida or the staircase landing

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97

COMEDOR

dining room

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98

ORATORIO

prayer room with an altar of santos

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99

URNA

a carved altar that enshrines statues of saints

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100

VIRINA

a bell-shaped glass jar

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