PNS - Exam 4 (pt. 1 - autonomics)

Neutrotransmitters

NE - post symp

ACh - everything else

Adjusting affects what 

Pre SYMP

Visceral afferents (unipolar) - CB where in the PNS

spinal N - DRG

cranial N - CN

Spinal N axons (central processes) enters cord at

posterior rootlets

Cranial N axons (central processes) enters brain at

cranial nerves

Dendrites (peripheral processes) come from (3)

autonomic ganglia, plexuses, somatic nerves

Sympathetics exit cord via _____ and follow _____

anterior rootlets (efferent); anterior primary rami

T/F: There are synapses in the PNS

False

Sympathetic afferents (sensory) travel through the sympathetic trunk at levels of

lateral horn of T1-L2 (enter at white ramus communicans)

Parasympathetic afferents (sensory) travel through

CN 9-10 and S2-4

Pre PARA - CN 3, 7, 9 supply the

head

Pre PARA - CN 10 supply

cardiac, respiratory, digestive tract

(neck, thorax, abdomen)

Pre PARA - S2-4 supply

urogenital and distal digestive tract

Effects of increased parasympathetics

decreased CO

contraction of bronchial tree

constricts pupils

peristalsis

Oculomotor N (CN 3) - CB pre PARA

accessory oculomotor nucleus (periaqueductal grey)

Pre PARA follow oculomotor N to orbit and synapse in

ciliary ganglion

(oculomotor) Post PARA are carried in

short ciliary nerves

Short ciliary nerves supply what two muscles

ciliary muscle (inc. convexity of lens)

sphincter pupillae (constrict pupil)

Facial N (CN 7) - CB pre PARA

superior salivary nucleus

(Facial N) Pre PARA exit CNS via

intermediate N

(Facial N) Pre PARA info carried in what two nerves

greater petrosal and chorda tympani

Greater petrosal N leaves facial N at

geniculate ganglion (no synapses)

Greater petrosal N reenters petrous part of temporal bone via

foramen lacerum

Greater petrosal N synapses in what ganglion

pterygopalatine ganglion

Greater petrosal N post PARA supplies

lacrimal gland (V1 + V3)

nasal, palatine, pharyngeal glands

Greater and Lesser petrosal N carry only ONE type of information

pre PARA

Chorda tympani carries what type of information (3)

taste, pre PARA, somatosensory

Chorda tympani pre PARA travels through tympanic cavity and leaves the temporal bone via

pterygotympanic fissure

Chorda tympani combines with what nerve from V3

lingual N

Fibers after lingual N synapse in what ganglion

submandibular ganglion

Lingual N post PARA supply

submandibular, sublingual, lingual glands and oral mucosa

Glossopharyngeal (CN9) - CB pre PARA

inferior salivary nucleus

Pre PARA info from glossopharyngeal is carried in tympanic N and leaves at what ganglion

inferior ganglion

Pre PARA fibers from tympanic N travel through what to get to tympanic cavity

tympanic canaliculus

In the tympanic cavity, the tympanic N recieves what type of info from the internal carotid plexus

Post SYMP

Tympanic N carries what TWO types of info

pre PARA and somatosensory (ear infection pain)

What nerve emerges after the tympanic cavity

lesser petrosal N

Lesser petrosal N synapses in what ganglion

otic ganglion

(glosso/lesser petrosal) Post PARA info is carried in what two nerves

auriculotemporal N (V3) -> parotid gland

lingual branch of glosso -> posterior lingual gland

Visceral afferents (taste and baro/chemoreceptors) from glossopharyngeal N synapse in

inferior solitary nucleus

Vagus N (CN 10) - CB Pre PARA

posterior nucleus of vagus

(vagus) Pre PARA supply

bronchial tree, myocaridium, GI, gallbladder, biliary tree, pancreas, liver, spleen

Vagus N (CN 10) - CB Post PARA

myocardium, submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus

Pre PARA to heart is carried in

superior and inferior cardiac N

(sup = vagus, inf = recurrent laryngeal)

**synapse in cardiac plexus in base and wall of heart

Post PARA to heart supply

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, subendocardial branches

Post PARA to heart inhibits myocardium and does what to coronary vessels

constricts

Pre PARA to lungs is carried in

anterior and posterior bronchial branches

**synapse in bronchial plexus

Post PARA to lungs supply

bronchial muscles and glands

(constrict and increase secretions)

Pre PARA to esophagus is carried in

recurrent laryngeal N and Ant/Post esophageal br.

**synapse in esophagus wall

Post PARA to esophagus supplies

smooth muscle in distal 2/3

The superior 1/3 of the esophagus is made of skeletal muscle and gets supplied by what nerve

recurrent laryngeal N

Pre PARA to stomach is carried in

ant/pos vagal trunks

**synapse in stomach wall (submucosal plexus + myenteric plexus)

Post PARA to stomach supplies

smooth muscle (+ inc. secretion of gastric juices)

Pre PARA to alimentary canal is carried in

posterior vagal trunk

**Celiac plexus = duodenum

**Superior mesenteric plexus = cecum, appendix, proximal colon

Post PARA to alimentary canal supplies

smooth muscle + nociceptors in appendix!!

What is the largest paravertebral plexus

Celiac plexus (Location = L1)

What are the 3 pairs of ganglia in the celiac plexus

celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal

Pre PARA to gallbladder, pancreas, biliary tree is carried in

hepatic branch of right vagal trunk (hepatic plexus)

**synapses in muscle walls of GB, BT, P

Post PARA to gallbladder, pancreas, biliary tree supplies

smooth muscle of GB, BT, P

(increases SM activity + glandular secretions)

Pre PARA to spleen is carried in

posterior vagal trunk

(reaches spleen via celiac plexus --> splenic plexus)

Pre PARA to kidney is carried in

posterior vagal trunk (reach kidney via renal plexus)

What is the primary info that the kidney, suprarenal glands, liver receive

visceral afferent (sensory)

Visceral afferents (sensory) in vagus synapse in what ganglion

nodose ganglion

Pre PARA to suprarenal glands is carried in

posterior vagal trunk

Motor supply to the kidney and suprarenal glands is strictly

sympathetic

Pre PARA to liver is carried in

anterior vagal trunk (reach liver via hepatic plexus)

Sacral pre PARA arise from

lateral horn of S2-4

Sacral pre PARA descend in _____ and exit _____

cauda equina; anterior sacral foramina

Pelvic splanchnic nerves carry what type of information

pre PARA

Sacral splanchnic nerves carry what type of information

pre SYMP

Pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus that contains both PARA and SYMP

inferior hypogastric plexus

Pre PARA to distal colon is carried in

hypogastric N

Pre PARA in hypogastric N is distributed in what two plexuses

superior hypogastric plexus

inferior mesenteric plexus

Post PARA to distal colon travels via

inferior hypogastric plexus

Pre PARA to rectum and anus is carried in

inferior hypogastric plexus

Pre PARA to urinary bladder is carried in

inferior hypogastric plexus

Post PARA to urinary bladder supplies

detrusor muscle + external urethral sphincter

Pre PARA to prostate and seminal vesicle is carried in

inferior hypogastric plexus (to reach prostatic plexus)

Post PARA to prostate and seminal vesicle supplies

smooth muscle in P and SV

Pre PARA to uterus is carried in

inferior hypogastric plexus

Post PARA to uterus supplies

myometrium

The primary influence on the myometrium however is

hormonal

Pre PARA to vagina is carried in inferior hypogastric plexus and synapses in

vaginal plexus

**vasodilation + increased secretions

The vagina can receive some fibers from what other nerve

pudendal N

Pre PARA to penis/clitoris is carried in inferior hypogastric plexus and travels to

cavernous plexus

**vasodilation + filling of erectile tissue

The sympathetic trunk runs from

C2/3 SCG --> ganglion impar

How many ganglion are there typically in the sympathetic trunk

21/22 (+ stellate ganglion at C7-T1)

Distribution of ganglion per area

3 cervical

11 thoracic

4 lumbar

4 sacral

Location of sympathetic trunk - cervical area

posterior to carotid sheath

Location of sympathetic trunk - upper thoracic area

anterior to rib heads

Location of sympathetic trunk - lower thoracic/lumbar area

lateral aspect of vertebral bodies

Location of sympathetic trunk - sacral area

anterior aspect of sacrum medial to foramina

Cervical sympathetic trunk lies between the carotid sheath and what two muscles

longus capitis

longus coli

Does the cervical sympathetic trunk contain white rami communicans? grey?

NO WHITE (pre symp)

YES GREY

Anterior branches of sympathetic trunk (postgang) follow

blood vessels

Medial branches of sympathetic trunk (postgang) supplies organs

directly

Lateral branches of sympathetic trunk (postgang) follows

nerves

Superior cervical ganglion (largest) location

C2-3

Anterior branch of SCG follows what blood vessels

Common carotid A

Internal and External carotid A

(supply intra and extra cranial structures)

Lateral internal carotid N forms what plexus

internal carotid plexus