Pliny Unit 3 Vocabulary

aetas, -atis (f.)

life of a man, age, lifetime, years

alexandrinus, -a, -um

alexandrian, pertaining to alexandria (a city in egypt)

ante

(with acc.) (of space) before, in front, forwards, (of time) before, previously

apello (adp-), -are, -avi, -atum

to call, address, name; request, implore, demand

architectus, -i (m.)

architect; inventor, designer

arcus, -us (m.)

bow, arc, arch; rainbow; anything arched or curved

autem

but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

beneficium, -i (n.)

favor, benefit, service, kindness

civitas, -atis (f.)

city, state, citizenship

defendo, -ere, -i, defensum

to defend, guard, protect, look after; repel, ward off, prevent, support, preserve

dominus, -i (m.)

master, possessor, ruler, lord, owner; male slave-owner

exercitus, -us (m.)

disciplined body of men, army

facilis, -e

easy to do, easy, without difficulty

flumen, -inis (n.)

a flowing, flood, stream, running water, river

fortasse

perhaps, possibly; it may be

forum, -i (n.)

forum, market, the forum (in rome); court of justice

frustra

in vain, for nothing, to no purpose

genus, -eris (n.)

race, faily, birth, descent, origin, sort, kind

Harpocras, -tis (m.)

a greek male name

iatraliptaor, -es, -ae, (m.)

doctor, especially one who uses massage and ointments

imperator, -oris (m.)

commander, leader, chief, director, ruler, general, emperor

itaque

and so, and thus, and accordingly

ius, iuris (n.)

right, justice, duty, law

leo, leonis (m.)

lion

liberta, -ae (f.)

freedwoman, freed person, formerly enslaved woman

mille (pl. milia or milia) or M (n.)

a thousand, ten hundred

mitto, -ere, misi, missum

to send, cause to go, let go, send off, dispatch

mollis, -e

yielding, flexible, supple, soft, tender, delicate, gentle, mild, pleasant

notus, -a, -um

known, well known

paene

nearly, almost; mostly

par, paris

equal

patrona, -ae (f.)

protectress, patroness, female patron

paucus, -a, -um

few, little

pauper, -eris

poor, meager, unproductive; cheap, of little worth

perdo, -ere, -didi, -ditum

to destroy, make away with, ruin, squander, throw away, waste, lose

pervenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum

to come up, arrive, reach

potestas, -atis (f.)

power, rule, force; strength, ability

princeps, -cipis (m.)

first man, first person; chief, leader, ruler, emperor

pro

(with abl.) before, in front of, for

quando

when, since, because

quomodo

how, in what way; just as

recipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum

to take back, bring back, regain, recover; to receive, accept

redeo, -ire, -ii, -itum

to go back, turn back, return, turn around

romanus, -a, -um

of rome, roman

saeculum or saeclum, -i (n.)

generation, age, people of any time

saepe

often, off, oftentimes, many times, frequently

sentio, -ire, sensi, sensum

to discern by sense, feel, hear, see, perceive, be sensible of

sine

(with abl. ) without

sustineo, -ere, -tinui, -tentum

to hold up, hold upright, uphold, bear up, keep up, support, sustain

tantum

so much, so greatly; only, merely, but

tardus, -a, -um

slow; deliberate; late

tempestas, -atis (f.)

storm; period of time, season, weather

tempto (tento), -are, -avi, -atum

to handle, touch, feel; try, prove, test, attempt

traianus, -i (m.)

trajan, a roman emperor

-ve

or, or if you will, or as you please

vel

or; either… or (vel…vel)

vester, -tra, -trum

your, yours, of you (pl.)

accendo (adc-), -ere, -cendi, -censum

to kindle, set on fire, inflame

accuso, -are, -avi, -atum

to accuse, blame, find fault, reprimand; charge (with a crime)

aedificium, -i (n.)

building; structure

aedificio, -are, -avi, -atum

to build, construct, make; create; establish, improve

anxius, -a, -um

anxious, uneasy, disturbed, concerned; careful

audeo, -ere, ausus sum

to venture, dare, be bold, dare to do, risk

benignus, -a, -um

kind, favorable, kindly, mild, affable

carmen, -inis (n.)

song, poem, verse, prophecy, note, sound (vocab or instrumental)

castra, -orum (n. pl.)

military camp, encampment, fort

castrum, -i (n.)

fortified place, fort, fortress

cotidie

daily, every day; day by day, usually, ordinarily, commonly

cras

tomorrow; after today, hereafter, in the future

cura, -ae (f.)

trouble, care, concern, attention, pains, industry, diligence, exertion

delecto, -are, -avi, -atum

to delight, please, amuse; fascinate, charm, lure, entice; enjoy

deleo, -ere, -evi, -etum

to erase, remove, delete, abolish

dexter, -tera, -terum (or -tra, -trum)

to the right, on the right side, right

domina, -ae (f.)

mistress, lady, she who rules; female slave-owner

eo

there, in that place; to there; therefore, for that reason

ferus, -a, -um

wild, untamed, uncultivated

fluo, -ere, fluxi, fluxum

to flow; proceed from

gratus, -a, -um

beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable

hiems, -emis (m.)

winter; cold, frost, storm, stormy weather

lacrimo, -are, -avi, -atum

to cry, shed tears

liber, -era, -erum

free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled

liberi, -orum (m. pl.)

children

malus, -a, -um

bad, not good, evil

nascor, -i, natus sum

to be born, begin life, be produced, proceed, be begotten

-ne

added in a direct question as a question mark to the first or principal word of the clause

nemo, -inis

no man, no one, nobody

numquam

at no time, never

oratio, -onis (f.)

speech; eloquence; power of speech

orator, -oris (m.)

speaker, orator

pecunia, -ae (f.)

money, property

prope

(with acc.) near, next to

pugno, -are, -avi, -atum

to fight; to dispute

quisque, quaeque, quidque (or quodque or quicque)

whoever it be, whatever, each, each one, every, everybody, everyone

recito, -are, -avi, -atum

to read aloud, recite; to name in writing

sermo, -onis (m.)

continued speech, talk, conversation, discourse

simul

at the same time, together, at once, simultaneously

spectaculum, -i (n.)

show, spectacle, (pl.) spectators’ seats

spectator, -oris (m.)

spectator

sumo, -ere, sumpsi, sumptum

to take, take up, take in hand, lay hold of, assume

tantum modo

only, merely