The Human Brain: Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Cranial Nerves Description

The brain stem consists of how many primary regions

3

midbrain

pons

medulla oblongata

function of midbrain

involved in vision, hearing, motor control, and more.

function of pons

bridge. Contains tracts that connect the diencephalon and cerebrum to the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Helps with breathing rhythm

medulla oblongata function

Contains motor tracts ventrally and sensory tracts dorsally. involved in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, vomiting, sneezing, and more.

Cerebral aqueduct

function of cerebral aqueduct

passwayway through the midbrain that allows CSF flow inferiorly from the third ventricle to fourth ventricle

tectum

tectum function

involved in auditory and visual reflexes

the 4 bulging structures that project posteriorly from the tectum are the

corpora quadrigemina

corpora quadrigemina

2 superior components of the corpora quadrigemina are called the

superior colliculi

superior colliculi function

visual reflexes including the coordination of the eye and head movement

superior colliculi

The two inferior components of the corpora quadrigemina are called

inferior colliculi

inferior colliculi

inferior colliculi function

auditory reflexes such as the startle reflex

oculomotor nerves

what is cranial nerve III

oculomotor cranial nerve

function of oculomotor nerve

responsible for controlling a variety of muscles involved in eye movements as well as dilation and constriction of the pupil

oculomotor nerve

pineal gland

pineal gland function

produces melatonin, a hormone involved in sleep cycles.

folia

small folds in the cerebellum are

folia

the white matter of the cerebellum is collectively referred to as the

arbor vitae

arbor vitae

why is the arbor vitae called that

early anatomists thought it resembled a coniferous tree of the same name.

the cavity between the cerebellum and the brain stem is

the fourth ventricle

fourth ventricle

function of fourth ventricle

receives CSF from the 3rd ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct and allows it to move into the central canal of the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space.

transverse fissure

function of transverse fissure

separates the cerebellum and the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.

vermis

Write the cranial nerves that correspond with this saying

Oh

Oh

Oh

To

Taste

And

F

Very

Good

V

After

Head

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus Nerve

Accessory

Hypoglossal

what type of nerve is cranial nerve I

sensory

what is cranial nerve I

olfactory

What is cranial nerve II

optic

What is cranial nerve IV

Trochlear

what type of nerve is cranial nerve II

sensory

What type of nerve is cranial nerve III

motor

what type of nerve is cranial nerve IV

motor

What type of nerve is cranial nerve V

Both

what is cranial nerve V

trigeminal

what is cranial nerve VI

abducens

what type of nerve is cranial nerve VI

motor

what is cranial nerve VII

Facial

what type of nerve is cranial nerve VII

both

what is cranial nerve VIII

Vestibulocochlear

what type of nerve is cranial nerve VIII

sensory

what is cranial nerve IX

Glossopharyngeal

what type of nerve is cranial nerve IX

both

what is cranial nerve X

vagus nerve

what type of nerve is cranial nerve X

both

what is cranial nerve XI

accessory

what type of nerve is cranial nerve XI

motor

what is cranial nerve XII

hypoglossal nerve

what type of nerve is cranial nerve XII

motor

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

optic nerve

optic chiasm

optic tract

trigeminal nerve

oculomotor nerve inferior view

function of olfactory bulb

receives input from olfactory neurons coming from the nasal cavity

function of olfactory tract

carries olfactory information to the cerebrum, where it can be sorted, processed, and interpreted

function of optic nerve

vision and carries axons from the retina of the eye.

function of optic chiasm

the site at which some axons in each optic nerve carry over to the other side

function of optic tract

carry axons from both optic nerves onward to the thalamus

function of trigeminal nerve

carries sensory information from the fact and motor commands to chewing muscles

An Aqueduct is a man made structure built to carry water over long distances. What flows through the cerebral aqueduct

cerebral spinal fluid

A blow to the back of the head that damages your medulla oblongata may be fatal. Why?

It can affect your head, regulate breathing patterns, and rhythmic motions. This can result in a person's unexpected death

What problems would a person have if his oculomotor nerves were damaged

have trouble moving eyes as 4/6 eye muscles are there

what if the optic nerves are damaged

vision would be damaged or loss

Both tracts and nerves primarily consist primarily of axons. What is the difference between a tract and nerve

Tracts are in the CNS and nerves are in PNS

How does the structure of the olfactory nerves differ from other cranial nerves

multiple olfactory nerves attaches each sides of the brain but other cranial nerves are only in paried

The cranial nerve generally innervate structures of the head and neck. Which pair of cranial nerves also innervates various structures in ventral body cavity.

vagus nerves carries info to and from organs in ventral body cavity

to what parts of the body does the vagus nerve connect to the brain

head, neck, thorax, abdomen

structures involved in transmitting and processing the sense of vision

optic nerve

optic chiasm

optic tract

thralamas

occipital lobe

structures involved in sense of smell

olfactory nerve

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

hypothalamus

temporal lobe

Function of trochlear nerves

eye movement

function of abducens

eye movement

function of facial

facial recognition

function of vestibulacholar

balance

function of glossopharyngeal

sense of taste

vagus nerve function

controls digestion, heart rate and other vital functions. Ventral body functions

accessory nerve function

sensations

hypoglossal function

tongue motion