CH22 - Alcohols, Ethers, Phenols, and Thiols

ROR’ - The ‘/prime represents what?

Non-identical alkyl groups

AR-OH: The Ar represents?

An aromatic alcohol, benzene ring

What is the simplest AR-OH

Phenol

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary alcohols identify what?

Alkyl groups attached to carbon that bears the hydroxyl group

What kind of structure do primary alcohols have?

Straight chain

True Hydrogen bonding occurs in the presence of what three atoms?

Flourine, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Why does water have a higher boiling point than methyl alcohol?

It contains hydrogen bonds

In naming Alcohols, what does the ‘n’ represent (ex: n- Pentyl alcohol)

Straight chain/bonded to carbon 1

What is the strongest kind of IMFA (Intermolecular forces of attraction)?

H bonding

Why does a stronger IMFA result in a higher boiling and melting point?

Requires more energy to overcome/disrupt

-OH is also known as?

Hydroxyl group

(CH3)3COH is what kind of alcohol?

Tertiary Alcohol

(CH3)2CHOH is what kind of alcohol?

Secondary Alcohol

What does branching do to an alcohol’s boiling and melting points?

It lowers them

(CH3)2CHOH - What is the name of this alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol/2-propanol

What is the IUPAC name of t-Butyl alcohol?

2-Methyl-2-Propanol

2-Methyl-2-Propanol is what kind of alcohol?

Tertiary Alcohol

What is the IUPAC name of sec-Butyl Alcohol?

2-Butanol

What is the common name of 2-Butanol?

sec-Butyl Alcohol

Among the classifications of alcohols, which has the highest boiling point?

Primary Alcohols

Polyhydroxy alcohols are also known as?

Simple sugars

When a molecule has three hydroxyl groups, what is it classified into?

Triol

When a molecule has two hydroxyl groups, what is it classified into?

Diols

When a molecule has multiple (three or more) hydroxyl groups, what is it classified into?

Polyols

What makes glucose very soluble in water?

Presence of many hydroxyl groups

Is considered the universal backbone alcohol

Glycerol

What is the IUPAC name of Glycerol?

1,2,3 - Propanetriol

Normal alcohols refers to?

Straight-chain alcohols

Regarding distance, branched-chain alcohols have their atoms?

Further apart

Are the three most highly electronegative atoms?

Flourine, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

What is the EN value of Flourine?

4.0

What is the EN value of Oxygen?

3.5

What is the EN value of Nitrogen?

3.1

In Alcohols (R-OH), which part is Non-polar?

R

In Alcohols (R-OH), which part is polar?

OH

Can non-polar substances dissolve polar substances?

No

Is a kind of Isomerism where the difference lies in the skeletal formula/alignment of alkyl groups

Skeletal/Chain

Is a kind of Isomerism where the difference lies in the carbon position of the same functional group

Positional

Is a kind of Isomerism where the difference lies in the functional group present

Functional

What is more abundant in liquid to liquid mixtures?

Solvent

How many carbons present renders an alcohol immiscible?

4

When an alcohol has more alkyl groups it is generally?

Less reactive

What is Oxidation?

The removal of hydrogen and the formation of new bonds with oxygen

When oxidized, primary alcohols can form?

Aldehydes and Carboxylic acids

When oxidized, secondary alcohols can form?

ketones

When oxidized, tertiary alcohols can form?

Nothing

What is the name of this compound: KMnO4

Potassium permanganate

What is the name of this compound: K2Cr2O7

Potassium dichromade

When tested with sodium metal, which kind of alcohol is most reactive (from most reactive to least reactive)

Primary > Secondary > Tertiary

When tested with the Lucas Test , which kind of alcohol is most reactive (from most reactive to least reactive)

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

During a sodium metal test for alcohols, what is the indication of an on going reaction?

Formation of hydrogen gas (bubbling)

What is the name of this compound: H2SO4

Sulfuric Acid

When is Sulfuric Acid used?

To dehydrate alcohols

Dehydration is what kind of reaction?

Elimination

When ethanol is dehydrated with Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and heat, what is the result

Ethene and water

What is the result why you dehydrate a primary alcohol?

Ethers

What is the result why you dehydrate a secondary alcohol?

Alkenes

What does the hydrolysis of an ester form?

Carobxylic acid and alcohol

What functional group is responsible for the pleasant smell of fruits

Esters

A decreasing oxidation number entails?

Reduction

An increasing oxidation number entails?

Oxidation

When an atom gains electrons it is said to be?

Reduced

When an atom losses electrons it is said to be?

Oxidized

Is a use of methanol however this should not be a long alkyl group and should have a low molecular weight

Industrial Solvent

What percentage of an Isopropyl solution is considered rubbing alcohol?

70%

The Acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene oxide yield?

Ethylene glycole

A phenol is also known as an?

Aromatic alcohol

Which kind of solutes are soluble in polar solvents

Polar and ionic