Chemistry exam #1

Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry

Involves mathematical operations and analyses, focusing on quantitative and qualitative aspects.

Qualitative analysis

Determines the chemical compositions of substances.

Biochemistry

The chemistry of living organisms and biological processes.

Organic chemistry

Studies organic samples containing carbon, exploring the structure and properties of compounds.

Inorganic chemistry

Focuses on the characteristics and reactions of inorganic compounds, generally those not containing carbon.

Polymer chemistry

Examines macromolecules or large molecules.

Physical chemistry

Studies the properties and behaviors of chemical systems, including energy and reactions.

Graduated cylinder

Lab equipment used to measure volume, featuring precise lines.

Beaker

Common lab vessel that cannot be sealed with a stopper.

Wash bottle

Used to rinse and pour liquid substances.

Gloves

Protective equipment for the hands.

Stopper

Used to prevent gas emissions from flasks.

Goggles

Protective eyewear for the eyes.

Beaker tongs

Tool used to hold hot beakers.

Test tube brush

Used to clean test tubes.

Eye dropper

Instrument for transferring small amounts of liquids.

Volumetric flask

Used for detailed calculations and solution preparation.

Crucible

A lab vessel used to heat solid substances.

Spatula

Utilized to carry solids.

Bunsen burner

Heats substances using natural gas.

Test tube rack

Used for organizing test tubes.

Alcohol burner

Burns alcohol for heating purposes.

Test tube holder

Used to hold test tubes securely.

Stirring rods

Tools made of glass for mixing substances.

Burette

Device used to measure volume with a tap for adjustment.

Watch glass

Multi-purpose glass used to hold solid substances.

Thermometer

Instrument for measuring temperature.

Electronic balance

Device for measuring mass in grams, known for its sensitivity.

Test tubes

Used for holding small amounts of solids.

Mortar and pestle

Tools for smashing solids into powder.

Erlenmeyer flask

Flask used for holding liquids that need stoppers.

Funnel

Used to pour substances into small openings.

Hot plate

Device for heating substances using electricity.

Fume hood

Ventilated enclosure for handling toxic gases safely.

Chlorine

Gas at room temperature, dangerous for airway and lungs.

Bleach

Used for cleaning and whitening, direct contact is hazardous.

HCl (spirit of salt)

Used for removing stains but can cause health risks.

Nitric acid (lime remover)

Preferred solution for cleaning lime stains, causes burns.

Sodium hydroxide (grease remover)

Used to clean grease but is dangerous when mixed with water.

Mercury

Toxic liquid metal at room temperature.

Atom (Dalton's theory)

The smallest particle, described as a full sphere.

Plum pudding model (Thomson)

Model proposing negatively charged electrons in a positively charged matrix.

Gold foil experiment (Rutherford)

Revealed the existence of the nucleus and protons.

Bohr Model

Describes electrons in orbits around the nucleus with quantized energy levels.

Absorption and emission

Processes involving energy transfer and electron movement between orbits.