CVS Review II

Which vessels supply blood directly to the myocardium (heart muscle)

Coronary arteries

Which structure returns most venous blood from the heart muscle into the right atrium

Coronary sinus

The Right Coronary Artery primarily supplies blood to which of the following

Posterior portions of the heart and right atrium/ventricle

The Left Coronary Artery branches include all of the following EXCEPT

Pulmonary artery

The Marginal artery is most closely associated with supplying blood to

The lateral wall of the right ventricle

The Circumflex artery primarily runs in which location

In the atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus wrapping around the left side of the heart

The Anterior Descending Interventricular Artery is also commonly called

Left anterior descending (LAD) artery

Which artery most often gives rise to the Posterior Descending artery in right-dominant circulation

Right coronary artery

In the standard ECG labeling, the P wave corresponds to

Atrial depolarization

The QRS complex on an ECG represents

Ventricular depolarization and ventricular systole

The T wave corresponds to which electrical activity of the heart

Ventricular repolarization

The small U wave occasionally seen after the T wave is thought to represent

Final phase of ventricular repolarization (Purkinje fibers/papillary muscles)

Which statement best describes coronary circulation

Supplies myocardial tissue via coronary arteries and removes via veins

An occlusion of the LAD artery is most likely to impair blood flow to

Anterior wall of the left ventricle and anterior interventricular septum

The coronary sinus is located in which cardiac groove

Atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus on the posterior surface

Which coronary vessel commonly runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus

Left anterior descending (LAD) artery

A patient’s ECG shows a prominent U wave. What is the most likely interpretation

Delayed ventricular repolarization

Which of the following is NOT part of the coronary circulation

Hepatic artery

During ventricular systole, which ECG feature coincides with this mechanical event

QRS complex

The primary function of coronary veins is to

Drain deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Starting at the right atrium, which valve does blood pass through next

Tricuspid valve

After blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through which valve

Pulmonary valve

Which sequence correctly traces blood flow from the lungs to the body

Pulmonary veins → LA → mitral → LV → aortic valve → aorta

Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium

Mitral valve

Blood returning from systemic veins enters which chamber first

Right atrium

Which pair are atrioventricular valves

Mitral and tricuspid valves

During pulmonary circulation, blood travels via which vessels

Pulmonary arteries

Semilunar valves function to

Prevent backflow into ventricles

Mitral valve backflow condition is called

Mitral regurgitation

Correct full blood flow path

Body → vena cava → RA → tricuspid → RV → pulmonary valve → lungs → pulmonary veins → LA → mitral → LV → aortic valve → body

Which artery is most associated with anterior MI

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

Classic ECG sign of acute MI

ST-segment elevation

Most specific marker for myocardial necrosis

Troponin

Immediate MI treatment

PCI or thrombolytics

Mechanical complication after MI

Ventricular free wall rupture → tamponade

Electrical conduction begins at

SA node

Which structure carries impulses from AV node to septum

Bundle of His

PR interval represents

Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

A P wave represents

Atrial depolarization

Which EKG component represents ventricular depolarization

QRS complex

ST segment is normally

Isoelectric early ventricular repolarization

U wave can be

Normal or indicate electrolyte imbalance

First-degree AV block

PR > 0.20 seconds, all impulses conducted

Mobitz I

Progressive PR lengthening until dropped beat

Mobitz II

Fixed PR with sudden dropped QRS

Third-degree AV block

No relationship between P waves and QRS

Structure that rapidly conducts impulses to ventricles

Purkinje fibers

Internodal pathways function

Conduct impulses from SA node to AV node

Cause of prolonged PR interval

AV node delay

T wave indicates

Ventricular repolarization

Correct conduction sequence

SA node → internodal → AV node → Bundle of His → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

AV node delay purpose

Allows ventricular filling

QRS complex duration

Narrow, rapid ventricular depolarization

PR lengthening then dropped beat indicates

Mobitz I

Which AV block often requires pacemaker

Third-degree AV block