Chapter 21 Key Terms (1861-1865) - The Furnace of the Civil War

Ninety Day War

• Lincoln intended a quick victory showing the Confederates secession was futile

• Lincoln didn’t want to end slavery either, mainly due to the border states he wanted to stay in the Union

Battle of Bull Run

• 1st Battle of the Civil War

• Union army invaded Bull Run in Virginia to show superiority

• Confederate General Stonewall Jackson defeated them

• Boosted Southern morale, leading to overconfidence causing enlistment to decrease

General George McClellan

• Union General

• Was a well-liked general, but only outside of the battlefield where he did not excel.

Peninsula Campaign

• Lincoln ordered McClellan to attack Richmond, Virginia from a peninsula

• Defeated by Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army

The Civil War led to ___ thousand deaths, mostly _ to _ year-olds.

• 600

• 15, 18

Ironclads

• Merrimack (South) and Monitor (North)

• Iron-plated ships mounted with guns

• Modernized navy battles, scaring Britain and France

Antietam

• 2nd Battle of Bull Run

• Robert E. Lee attacked the North hoping to get foreign attention

• McClellan was able to stop lee at Antietam, but did not pursue him

Outcomes of Antietam

• England and France did not intervene as Lee hoped

• Lee lost 25% of his army

• Lincoln has a victory/justification to announce the Emancipation Proclamation

• McClellan is removed from command

Emancipation Proclamation

• Freed slaves in “all areas of active rebellion”

• Blacks enlisted in the Union Army as they now had a morale stake

• Passed September 23, 1862

Civil War’s Western Theater

• Union > Confederacy

• David Farragut seized New Orleans in 1862

• General Grant won in Tennessee and Mississippi

• Union gained control of the Mississippi River on July 4th, 1863 after taking over Vicksburg

• General Sherman led his devastating Sherman’s March through Georgia

Gettysburg

• Town in Pennsylvania

• Robert E. Lee attempted to invade it in July 1863 but failed

• Lee almost resigned and combined with the takeover of Vicksburg Southern morale was completely gone

• Place of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Election of 1864

• Lincoln vs McClellan

• Lincoln won, with ballots being collected from Union Soldiers

• Seceded State could not vote

Union Party, Copperheads, Peace Democrats

• Union Party = Republicans + War Democrats (supported war)

• Peace Democrats (did not support war)

• Copperheads (was willing to settle for peace with the Confederacy)

Defeat of Lee

• Grant chased down Lee’s Army shortly after the 1864 elections

• Richmond fell and Lee surrendered in the Appomattox Court House

• April 5, 1865

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

• Killed April 14, 1865

• Part of a larger conspiracy to kill William Seward, Andrew Johnson, and Ulysses S. Grant

• Lincoln’s “soft-on-the-South” policies were gone, and the Radical Republicans were now going to devastate the South