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Ap Stats
Confidence Interval
A range of values that is used to estimate the true value of a population parameter.
Critical Value (z*)
A point on the standard Normal distribution that corresponds to a specified level of confidence.
Standard Error
An estimate of the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic.
Random Condition
The condition that states the sample must be a random sample from the population being studied.
10% Condition
A condition that states the sample size must be less than 10% of the population when sampling without replacement.
Large Counts Condition
A condition that requires both np and n(1-p) to be at least 10 for the sample size to be valid.
Sample Size (n)
The number of observations in a sample; important for estimating the population proportion with a specified margin of error.
Margin of Error (ME)
The range of values above and below the sample statistic in a confidence interval.
One-Sample Z Interval
A method for constructing a confidence interval for a population proportion using the standard normal distribution.
Population Proportion (p)
The true proportion of a particular characteristic in a whole population.
Table A
A reference table used to find critical values for different confidence levels.
Interpretation of Confidence Interval
Describing what the calculated interval means in the context of the data and inference.
Four-Step Process
A systematic method including State, Plan, Do, and Conclude used for constructing and interpreting confidence intervals.
Estimating Sample Size
The process of determining the number of observations required to achieve a desired level of precision in estimates.
Pew Research Center
An organization that conducts studies and reports on various social issues, including reading habits among American adults.
