Exam 6 - Fundamentals of Nutrition

What are the major minerals

Salty Potato Chips Contain Pretty Much Salt - Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulfur

What is the major source of sodium in the diet

processed foods

What is the major source of potassium

Whole foods

Nuts, seeds, and legumes provide this mineral

magnesium

this mineral is rarely deficient because it is in so many foods

phosphorus

some vegetables including broccoli, turnip greens and the cabbage family provide this mineral

Calcium

this trace mineral is added to salt

iodine

this trace mineral deficiency can result in goiter

iodine

lack of this trace mineral can result in a delay in sexual development

zinc

ferrous and ferric are two forms of this trace mineral

iron

this trace mineral is antioxidant

selenium

The major mineral needed for bone development

calcium

vitamin D is needed for the absorption of these two minerals

calcium and phosphorus

what are the two minerals in salt

sodium and chloride

what are the two minerals in a salt sub

potassium and chloride

Which mineral has a CDRR

Sodium

The DASH diet is used to reduce

blood pressure

Hyponatremia means

low serum sodium

hyperkalemia means

high serum potassium

pica mean

eating and craving of nonfood substance

which mineral is the major cause of anemia

iron

which vitamin is needed to increase iron absorption

vitamin C

MPF enhances the absorption of

iron

this hormone reduces iron absorption

hepcidin

what are the three bone minerals

calcium, phosphorus and magnesium

the number one cause of iron deficiency is

inadequate intake

what are trace minerals

iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese, fluoride, selenium, chromium and molybdenum

Calcium rigor

too high serum calcium

muscles cannot relax

calcium tetany

too low calcium causing muscle spasms

Osteoporosis is what

the reduction of the bone mass of an older person

cortical bone

outer bone layer - shaft

trabecular bone

ends of the bone, a web-like structure composed of calcium

best calcium supplement

calcium citrate

DRI for milk

kids - 13000 mg, women/men - 1000 mg, elderly - 1200 mg

sources of phosphorus

milk, meat, legumes, fish, chicken

phosphorus is needed for what

bone and teeth

sodium dv

2400 mg/day

sodium helps with

fluid balance

sodium deficiency

hyponatremia

sodium toxicity

hypertension

at risk for potassium deficiency

diuretics, anorexia and bulimia, alcoholics, athletes

magnesium helps with

immune system, muscle contraction, resistance to tooth decay

most people fail to get enough of

magnesium - DV 400 mg

sources of magnesium

yogurt, spinach, black beans

sulfur is found in

protein food - meats, milk, nuts, legumes

iodine deficiency causes

enlargement of thyroid called goiter

iodine is a

component of thyroxin that regulates growth, development and metabolic rate

Iron is

poorly absorbed

most iron is in

hemoglobin and myoglobin

coffee and tea decreases what mineral absorption

iron

MFP means

meat, poultry and fish

Ferritin and hemsideron is

storage iron in the liver

transferrin is

transport iron

what happens when iron is lacking

pica, iron-deficiency/ anemia

iron deficiency anemia affects

40% of the world

zinc works with

protein

zinc deficiency do what

Decrease in growth and sexual development

How much water do we need

2000-2800 ml

what food sources have highest water amounts in them

lettuce, celery, melons, oranges

The percentage of water in the body is about

60%

Water is involved in all of the following except

converting lipids to amino acids

People must have water in their diets because the

fluid lost from the body must be replaced, kidneys must excrete a minimum amount of water in the urine to rid the body of wastes

Which of the following substances in an electrolyte?

sodium

the major mineral in the extracellular fluid

sodium

mineral in intracellular fluid

Potassium

hypertension is associated with which mineral excess in the diet

sodium

the richest sources of potassium are

fresh foods of all kinds

factors that impair calcium balance

high-fiber diet, phytates

an inadequate intake of calcium for many years can lead to

Osteoporosis

a class of food that is rich in calcium is

sardines

which of the following increase calcium absorption

lactose

magnesium is needed for what

needed for wound healing

Iron is important in the body because it is:

a part of hemoglobin

which of the following transports iron in the blood

transferrin

the best known symptom of an iron deficiency is

anemia

Iron deficiency causes_______ anemia

Hypochromic microcytic

which food group supplies most of the iron in the American diet

meats

a very poor source of iron is

milk

an important function of zinc is to serve as a constituent of

cofactor

zinc deficiency symptoms include all but

pernicious anemia

the best sources of available zinc are

shellfish meats and liver

which of the following contains the best source of iodine

salt-water fish

Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of

Iodine

Fluoride is needed for

Strong bones and teeth

selenium is involved in all but

glycogen breakdown

The RDA for iron is

18 mg for women

Which of the following increases iron absorption

Vitamin C and MPF factors

the red blood cell is made in the bone marrow and lives

4 months

which of the following are at risk for iron deficiency

athletes, infants, young children, elderly males

which of the following are poorly absorbed

Iron and calcium

how much water is needed if someone consumes 3000 kcals

3000 cc

thirst is regulated by

hypothalamus

calcium requires which vitamin for absorption

Vitamin D