24 Food Animal Production Medicine and Surgery II Dermatology Lecture 2

1. bovine papillomasvirus

2. pseudocowpox

3. bovine herpes mamillitis

Name the viral conditions that cause skin disorders in cows:

1-6

What strains are the most common for causing bovine papilloma warts?

Younger

Bovine papilloma warts are more common in older/younger animals

benign

Bovine papillomas typically occur in cows that are immunocompromised. They are considered benign or malignant.

Warts = bovine papillomavirus

What is happening in this cow?

Crush, pinch, cryotherapy. Commercial or autogenous vaccine.

How do you treat bovine papillomas?

Parapoxvirus

What is the causative agent of pseudocowpox?

Teats

What is the ONLY PLACE on the body where pseudocowpox occur?

Pseudocowpox: typically self limiting, but animal may get secondary mastitis that you have to treat

A cow presents with these teat lesions. They are crusting, scabbing, papules. What should you do to treat?

Bovine herpes mammillitis = takes 3-10 weeks to heal. Not much you can do besides supportive care and treat secondary mastitis if it arises

NOTE: this must be differentiated from pseudocowpox (more papules, crusting and scabbing NOT vesicles) where bovine herpes presents more like leathery vesiculations

A cow presents with these vesicles on teats that are leathery in texture. What is this and how long will it take to heal?

Bovine herpesvirus 2

What is the causative agent of bovine herpes mammillitis?

Dermatophytosis (ringworm)

Name the fungal skin conditions in cows:

Ringworm (dermatophytosis)

DIAGNOSE: trichogram, fungal culture

TREATMENT: typically self limiting, may do topicals. mainly just isolate new cows to herd to prevent

A cow presents with these circular lesions that are crusting, grey and flaky. It is mostly around the head and neck. There is hairloss. What do you think this is? How are you going to diagnose? How do you treat?

1. trichophyton verrucosum = MAJORITY

2. Trichophyton mentagraphytes

What are the main two causative agents of dermatophytosis in cows?

Younger

What age of cow is more susceptible to ringworm, older or younger?

NONLIVING = only fully keratinized tissue

Ringworm in cows invades living or nonliving tissue?

Trichogram

What is the name of the test used to diagnose ringworm in cows where hairs are plucked from lesions and are examined under microscope for signs of fungal infection?

1. tail fecoliths

2. ear tag issues

3. frostbite

4. abscesses

Name some traumatic causes of skin issues in cows:

Tail fecolith

What is this traumatic skin issue, caused by manure around the tail thawing and freezing repeatedly?

Ear tag trauma

What is this traumatic skin issue?

Frostbite

A calf is born during february. It presents lame. This is what you see. Thoughts?

Drain, flush with peroxide, shot of antibiotics (typically LA 200)

How do you treat abscesses in cows, typically caused by penetrating trauma, residual infection from sepssi, and necrotic neoplasia?

Anaphylaxtic reaction (typically from snake bite if on the face like this)

What do you think is happening in this cow?

During dry off period

When does milk allergy tend to occur in cows?

Casein allergy --> treat with antihistmines and if this doesn't work, cull

Milk allergy is heritable in cows which occurs during the dry period. What causes the localized or generalized urticaria from this? How do you treat?

1. copper deficiency

2. zinc responsive dermatitis

Name some nutritional issues that can cause dermatitis issues in cows?

ADULT = on DORSUM

Calves = on VENTRUM

What is the difference between where calves and adult cows present with copper deficiency in their skin?

Copper deficiency

An adult cow presents with this depigmentation on the dorsum. What do you think is the issue?

Copper deficiency

A calf presents with this depigmentation on the ventrum. What do you think is the issue?

Zinc responsive dermatitis (zinc deficiency)

This Holstein Friesian presents with parakeratosis and you notice the diet is high in calcium. What do you think is happening?

note: Parakeratosis is a skin condition characterized by the abnormal retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum (the outermost skin layer), where cells should normally be dead and nucleus-free

Holstein-Fresian

What breed of cow typically get the autosomal recessive "lethal trait A46" abnormality (because it is lethal if left untreated) to cause zinc responsive dermatitis?

Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Manganese

Name the trace minerals necessary for reproduction and immune function in cows, which can be supplied via supplements, TMR, or injectable minerals?

Right side, at the 10th rib

You need to do a liver biopsy if you want to test a cow for trace minerals (copper, zinc, selenium, manganese). Where do you do this?

Hypotrichosis with incisor anodontia

What is the name of the rare congenital disorder in calves where they present with sparse hair and missing teeth + ack of sweat glands?

Acantholysis

What is the name of the autosomal recessive skin disorder in ANGUS calves caused by a breakdown of the stratum spinosum?

Angus

What cow breed gets acantholysis disorder?

1. hairyvetch

2. photosensitization types I, II AND III

Name the toxins that cause skin disorders in cows:

MORTALITY

Hairy vetch has 50-100% morbidity or mortality in cows?

Black pigmented skin

Cows with what color skin are more susceptible to photodynamic skin disease from hairy vetch?

Kidney failure

Hairy vetch has a photodynamic agent that causes disease. besides the severe skin lesions, what is typically the fatal part of the disease process in cattle?

1. photodynamic agent

2. lightly pigmented skin

3. UV light

What factors are required for photosensitization to occur in cows?

Photosensitization Type I

Which type of photosensitization occurs from ingestion of a photodynamic agent like St. John's Wort and Perinneal ryegrass most commonly?

Photosensitization type II

Which type of photosensitization does the cow have a congenital defect in porphyrin or liver metabolism?

Uorporphyrin and Corporoporphyrin

There is accumulation of WHAT photodynamic agents when a cow has photosensitization type II congenital defect?

a. holstein

d. shorthorn

e. jamaican breeds

Which cow breeds get congenital erythropoietin porphyria causing photosensitization type 2, leading to "pink tooth" and urine illumination with a woodslamp?

a. holstein

b. limousin

c. charlois

d. shorthorn

e. jamaican breeds

b. limousin

c. charlois

Which cow breeds get bovine protoporphyia causing photosensitization type 2 from congenital abnormalitiies?

a. holstein

b. limousin

c. charlois

d. shorthorn

e. jamaican breeds

Type III

Which type of photosensitization in cows is caused by liver DAMAGE (not a congenital defect)?

Type III

Direct liver insult such as from accumulation of phylloerythrin or porphyrin, ragwort, common grounsel, and lantana cause WHICH type of photosensitization in cows?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Which type of neoplasia is most common in herefords?

Lateral limbus

Where in the body does squamous cell carcinoma typically occur in cows?

Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the most common ocular tumor of cattle?

d. lateral limbus

Which squamous cell carcinoma location has the best PROGNOSIS for cows:

a. medial canthus

b. third eyelid

c. eyelid margin

d. lateral limbus

Squamous cell carcinoma on lateral limbus

What is happening here?

Cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) on eyelid margin

What is happening here?

Cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)

What is happening here?

Enucleation

If cancer is bad enough in the eyes of cattle, what do you do?

Dermoid

What is this, where hair is growing from a congenital issue on the third eyelid in this cow?

Melanoma

What is this slow growing, benign mass showing up as a firm, dark brown nodular mass?

Surgical excision

What is the curative treatment for melanoma in cattle?

18-26 mo. of age

What age of cattle are affected by cutaneous lymphoma (a rare form of non-contagious sporadic bovine leukosis in cattle)?

FALSE = IT IS NOT

TRUE OR FALSE: Cutaneous lymphoma is associated with bovine leukemia virus in cattle.

Fatal

What is the typical outcome of cutaneous lymphoma in cattle?

Milk scald --> improper mixing of milk leading to fat globules adhering to the skin

A calf presents with these lesions. What is this and what do you think caused it?

This is diarrhea scald. Vaseline will dec. irritation

A calf presents with this. You think vaseline will help WHY?

Telogen effluvium/deluxion

What is the name of the disorder which causes temporary, noninflammatory hair loss due to stress like fever or stress that forces thar hair follicles into a resting phase, typically resolving in 1-2 months?