BCT Macromolecules_of_the_cell-Fall_2024__3_

Macromolecules

What is the first of Dr. Parker's rules of life?

Image plus action equals feelings.

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids.

What are monomers?

Small organic molecules that polymerize to form macromolecules.

What is dehydration synthesis?

A process where each addition of monomers releases water.

Which type of RNA is involved in protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA (tRNA).

How many types of amino acids are there?

Twenty different types of amino acids.

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

To transport oxygen in the blood.

What distinguishes fibrous proteins from globular proteins?

Fibrous proteins are strand-like and provide structural support; globular proteins are compact, water-soluble, and perform various functions.

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

It regulates membrane fluidity.

What type of bond forms between amino acids in proteins?

Peptide bonds.

What is the repeating unit of polysaccharides?

Monosaccharides.

What are terpenes and how are they formed?

Terpenes are synthesized from the five-carbon compound isoprene.

Which sugar molecules are found in nucleotides?

Ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA.

What are the two main classes of nucleic acids?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).