Biology- Atoms, Molecules, Water, and Life

chemistry

study of atoms and the bonds they form to make molecules

elements

fundamental form of matter, can’t be separated into simpler substances; can’t be converted into another substance by chemical reactions. 92 naturally occurinf

atoms

smallest part of an element no net charge

molecule

2 or more atoms, ex. H2O, O2

What are the most common elements?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Neutrons

in nucleus no charge

Atomic Number

number of protons in an atom

Mass Number

sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

radioisotopes

unstable (spontaneously break apart) and emit radiation, used for medical imaging & used in research

What part of an atom would interact with another atom?

Electrons and the energy they have determine whether ineractions (bonds) will form, linking atoms.

compound

2 or more elements/atoms bonded together; all compounds are molecules.

Molecule

smallest part of a compound that still has the properties of the compound; from same or different elements. All molecules are not compounds.

chemical bonds

they hold atoms together in molecules.

Three major covalent bonds

Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds

Ion

an atom that has lost or gained electrons acquiring an overall positive or negative change.

covalent bonds

Atoms with partially full outermost electron shells will most likely form ___-.

Two types of covalent bonds

nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds