Chpt 23: WBC & parts of immune system

What are the 3 barriers that to fight against pathogens?

mucus membranes, WBC and lymp tissue

What is the purpose of the mucus membrane in the body?

to TRAP pathogens and expel them out

What is the function of Neutrophills?

Secrete cytokines (makes more WBC)

Cytokines, calls MORE WBC to the problem HOW does it do it? (2 ways)

chemotaxis (chems call MORE neutrophils) and increase WBC production thru bone marrow

What are the three names for diff monocytes?

Monocytes (n bloodstream), dendertic cells (skin) and macrophages (in tissue)

What do esinophils secrete in order to fight parasitic infections?

cytotoxins which protiens that are toxic to cell

What are the 3 diff types of lymphocytes?

B-cells, T-cells, NK cells

What do B-cells do? (2 things)

make anitbodies which mark foreign pathogens and memory cells which REMEMBER for next time

Thru what cell are antibodies created?

Plasma cell

What do T-cells do?

destroy marked pathogen

How do T-cells destroy pathogens? What is to note abt the DURATIOn of this process?

turn into cytotoxic T-cells which create pores in membrane that eventually cause cell lysis (very sloooww)

What do NK cells do? How do they do this?

fight against VIRAL infections by destroying cells that has a COPY of the virus by secreting perforin creates holes in cell mem = cell lysis

What is the function of dendritic cells?

to activate specific t-cells

What are the diff names of basophils based on location?

basophil (in bloodstream; immature) and mast cell (in tissues; mature)

What is the function of basophils/mast cells? What does it do?

release histamine (dialate BV and increase perm)

What are the two types of lympoid tissue and function?

Central = where all WBC are produced & matured

peripheral = where WBC actually work to trap pathogens

WHICH lymphocyte is NOT matured in central lymphoid tissue?

T-cell matures in thymus

What are the 4 main things that can get us sick?

virus, bacteria, parasite, and fungi

How do viruss work to make us sick?Why do they need a host?

find a host/specific cell and reproduces bc they are non-living

How do bactria make us sick?

grow/colonize in tissues and secrete toxins

What is the diff between bacteria ENDOtoxins and EXOtoxins?

Endotoxins are secreted by gram-neg and is apart of the cell mem

exotoxins are secreted gram-pos and come from cell

How do fungi grow and make us sick?

absorb nutrients and grow slowly

What is virulence?

the ability to cause and EASILY spread throughout the body

How do parasitic infections begin to spread?

Uses VECTORS which are organism that transmit parasite from them to your body

WHEN do B-cells produce anitbodies?

when exposed to antigens

How do B-cells turn into plasma cell? what abt memory cells?

Antigens

IL-2 from Helper T

CD4 is another name for…

helper T-cell

All T-cells have WHAT receptors to help them receive anitgens

antigen receptors

What molecule helps t-cells recognize what they bind to is an ANTIGEN?

(MHC) major histocompatibility complex

What are the two types of MCH and which type of antigens do they bind to?

MCH 1 bind endogenous antigen (anti is inside cell)

MCH 2 binds to EXOgenous antigens (anit was OUT of cell but brought in)

MCH 1 brings antigen to WHICH type of T-cell? MCH2 brings antigen to which type of T-cell?

MCH 1 to cytotoxic

MCH 2 to helper T

CD8 is another name for…

Cytotoxic T-cell

What is anothet function of MCH when it binds to T-cells

it fully matures T-cells

What is KEY for cytotoxic activation?

IL 2 secreted from helper T

Which WBC are most important for phagocytosis in the immune response?

macrophages