Section A: the creation of a dictatorship, 1933-4
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25 Terms
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Why did Hitler call new elections in 1933?
To try to gain a majority in the Reichstag
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What happened on 27 February 1933?
The Reichstag building was destroyed by fire
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Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire?
Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch Communist
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What happened to Marinus van der Lubbe?
He was tried, found guilty, and executed
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How did Hitler and Goering explain the fire?
They claimed it was part of a Communist plot
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What did Hindenburg do on 28 February 1933?
Declared a state of emergency
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What powers did the emergency allow?
Rule by decree
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What was the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State?
A law allowing imprisonment of political opponents and banning Communist newspapers
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Which group was mainly targeted by the Decree?
Communists
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What was the Nazi vote share in March 1933?
43%
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How did Hitler gain a Reichstag majority after the election?
Communist MPs were banned and Nazis had Nationalist support
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What was the Enabling Act?
A law allowing Hitler to make laws without Reichstag approval
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When was the Enabling Act passed?
24 March 1933
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How long did the Enabling Act last initially?
Four years
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Why was a two-thirds majority needed for the Enabling Act?
It changed the constitution
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How did Hitler intimidate deputies into supporting the Act?
SA members were placed in the Reichstag
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What was the vote result for the Enabling Act?
444 votes to 94
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Why were trade unions a threat to Hitler?
They could organise strikes and were linked to Socialists
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What happened to trade unions under Hitler?
They were banned and strikes were made illegal
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What replaced trade unions?
The German Labour Front (DAF)
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What law made Germany a one-party state?
The Law against the Establishment of Parties
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When was the one-party law passed?
14 July 1933
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Why did Hitler fear Ernst Röhm?
The SA was very large and loyal to Röhm
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What was the Night of the Long Knives?
The purge of SA leaders on 30 June 1934
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How did Hitler become Fuhrer in 1934?
He merged the roles of President and Chancellor after Hindenburg’s death and won a plebiscite
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