Katzung Chapter 11 Antihypertensive Agents

Propranolol

Beta adrenergic antagonist, non selective; lowers blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output; inhibits stimulation or renin production by catecholamines; associated with withdrawal syndrome; Has toxic affects.

Metoprolol, Atenolol

Beta adrenergic antagonist, beta 1 selective

Nadolol

Beta adrenergic antagonist, non selective

Labetolol, Carvedilol

Beta adrenergic antagonist, combined beta and alpha antagonists, Lowers blood pressure by reducing vascular resistance without altering cardiac output or heart rate

Prazosin, Doxazosin

Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist, treats hypertension and BPH

Hydralazine

Relaxes smooth muscle of arterioles and thereby decreases peripheral vascular resistance

Verapamil

Calcium channel blockers (L-type channels), has the greatest effect on the heart and may decrease heart rate and cardiac output

Diltiazem

Calcium channel blockers (L-type channels), depresses heart, intermediate effect on heart

Amlodipine, Nifedipine

Calcium channel blockers (L-type channels), dihydropiridine, less cardiac depression

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

Losartan, Valsartan, Telmisartan, Olmesartan

Angiotensin receptor antagonist

Angiotensin II

Vasoconstrictor, causes the release of aldosterone

Furosemide

Diuretic, loop diuretic

Spironolactone, Triamterene

Diuretic, aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing

Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide

Diuretic, blocks sodium/chloride exchanger in distal convoluted tubule