Scientific Revolution

Nicolaus Copernicus

Heliocentric model (sun=center)

Brahe

Charted positions of the stars

Kepler

3 Laws of Planetary Motion

1. Planets move in ovals around the sun

2. Orbital speed varies (closer sun, faster)

3. Further from the sun, slower you move

Galileo

Scientific advisor for the church

Heretic

Definite proof of heliocentric model

Forced to recant beliefs

Improved telescopes

Showed scientists have it easier in non-Catholic countries

Issac Newton

Invented calculus

Demonstrated color spectrum and light composition through prism

Laws of motion

Gravity

Newtonian World Machine: world operated absolutely on time, space, and motion + God played no role in active life

Galen

Greek physician

Dissected animals to learn about human body

Body made of 4 humors: blood, bile, phlegm, and pus

Diseases occurred when humors imbalanced

Paracelsus

Disease due to chemical imbalance (rejected Galen)

Treated by chemical/mineral remedies

Idea of vaccines

Andres Vesalius

Dissected dead bodies

New and corrected human body illustrations

William Harvey

Heart is origin of blood circulation, not liver

Blood flows through arteries and veins

4 Blood Types: A, B, AB, O

Margaret Cavendish

Scientific debates w/ men

Advanced women’s rights

Maria Meriann

Entomologist (studied insects)

Illustrated hundreds of plants and animals

Metamorphosis of Insects of Surinam

Maria Winkelmann

Self-taught German astronomer

Discovered new comet

Denied multipled jobs bc woman

Rene Descartes

Separation of mind and body

Cartesian Dualism: all of reality could be reduced to mind and matter

Rationalism: knowledge and reason influence decision making, not letting religious beliefs or emotional responses interfere

Francis Bacon

Formatted Scientific Method

Empiricism: accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation

Benedict de Spinoza

God + science together

Church worker

Blaise Pascal

Calculator + math theorems

Attempted to unite science and Christianity

Denise Diderot

Contributed to encyclopedia

Wanted easy access to scientific knowledge