The Atomic Number and the Synthesis of New Elements

These flashcards cover key concepts of atomic theory, the periodic table, and nuclear chemistry based on the provided lecture notes.

What determines the properties of an element according to Moseley's findings?

The atomic number, or the number of protons in an atom.

What is a nuclear transmutation?

A reaction involving the transformation of one element into another element.

Who is known as the father of the modern periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev.

What did Moseley use to study the atomic numbers of elements?

X-ray spectroscopy.

When were the first missing elements, 43 and 85, synthesized?

In 1937 and 1940 respectively.

What is alpha decay?

A reaction that emits a helium-4 nucleus and results in a daughter nucleus with an atomic number reduced by two.

What particles are used in particle accelerators to overcome repulsion in nuclear reactions?

Protons and other high-energy particles.

What significant advancement in nuclear reactions occurred in 1932?

The invention of particle accelerators.

What is beta decay?

A reaction where a neutron is converted into a proton, emitting an electron and increasing the atomic number by one.

What happens during spontaneous fission?

The nucleus breaks into pieces with different atomic numbers and mass numbers.

What determines the properties of an element according to Moseley's findings?

The atomic number, or the number of protons in an atom.

What is a nuclear transmutation?

A reaction involving the transformation of one element into another element.

Who is known as the father of the modern periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev.

What did Moseley use to study the atomic numbers of elements?

X-ray spectroscopy.

When were the first missing elements, 43 and 85, synthesized?

In 1937 and 1940 respectively.

What is alpha decay?

A reaction that emits a helium-4 nucleus and results in a daughter nucleus with an atomic number reduced by two.

What particles are used in particle accelerators to overcome repulsion in nuclear reactions?

Protons and other high-energy particles.

What significant advancement in nuclear reactions occurred in 1932?

The invention of particle accelerators.

What is beta decay?

A reaction where a neutron is converted into a proton, emitting an electron and increasing the atomic number by one.

What happens during spontaneous fission?

The nucleus breaks into pieces with different atomic numbers and mass numbers.

What is the primary method for synthesizing new, heavier elements?

Bombarding existing atomic nuclei with high-energy particles, typically in particle accelerators.