Nanomaterials in Materials Science

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts related to nanomaterials, their properties, and applications in materials science.

Amorphous Glasses

Materials with randomly arranged atoms or molecules without long-range order.

Crystalline Ceramics

Materials with atoms or ions arranged in a repeating lattice structure.

Defects

Imperfections in the structure that influence strength, conductivity, and durability.

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

A technique used for identifying crystalline phases, which requires understanding of Bragg's law.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

A technique providing detailed imaging of surface structures, though interpretation can be complex.

Metal Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials made up of one element, exhibiting high reactivity and excellent mechanical properties.

Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials formed by metal atoms chemically combined with oxygen, having high surface area and variable conductivity.

Ceramic Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials made from oxides or carbides, known for high heat resistance and chemical inertness.

Semiconductor Nanomaterials

Materials that have properties between conductors and insulators; often exhibit quantum behavior.

Hydrophobicity

The physical property of a substance to repel water, often seen in nonpolar molecules.

Surface Tension

A property that allows liquids to resist external forces, behaving like a stretched elastic membrane.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

A measure that influences reaction rates, where a higher ratio allows for more reactions to occur.

Quantum Dots

Nanoscale semiconductor particles that have quantum properties, often used in applications like fluorescence.

Nanostructures

Materials engineered at the nanoscale, exhibiting unique physical and chemical properties.

Nanocomposites

Hybrid materials created by adding nanometer-sized particles to a larger bulk material to improve properties.

Tailored Reactivity

The modification of a material's chemical structure to adjust its reaction rates with other substances.