Povijest

HOW DID THE OLDEST SOURCES CALL EGYPT?

kemet or the black soil

HOW WAS THE RULER OF UPPER EGYPT CALLED?

falcon

HOW WAS THE RULER OF LOWER EGYPT CALLED?

jackal

WHAT WERE THE FIRST PYRAMIDS

step pyramids

WHO BUILT PYRAMIDS DURING THE FOURTH DYNASTY?

Snofru/Sneferu

What were the major problems during the first intermediate period

famine all across egypt, nomarchs became too powerful and indenpenadnt and they had gret influence, attack of bedouins from the sinai peninsula

who reached the peak of the middle kingdom and how

Sesostris/Senusret III, expansionist policy, recounqured Nubia and Palestine and he replaces nomarchs with his administrators

who is obeliks coneccted to and where can one be found

Sun God and heliopolis

first tombs

mastaba

who came from the syrian desert and what was their capital

Hyksos and Avaris

Mentuhotep I established what Kingdom and capital

Middle kingdom and Thebes

New Kingdom capital

Thebes

which part did the egyptians occupie

from near east to euphrates

who sent and expedition to the land of punt and for what

Queen hatshepsut, ivory,gold and spices

what did Thutmose III do?

conqured nubia, palestine and syria, made a strong navy which dominated the eastern mediterrian

Amenophis IV to what name

Ekhnaton, he substituted the main egyptian deity AMON-RAA with the cult of the son disc Aton

who was tutankhamen the son of and why is he famous

akhenaten, in tomb perseved sarcophugas and gold mask of the pharaon

the curse of tutankhamens tomb?

in 1922 howard carter found tutankhamens tomb and it is belived it holds a curse

who led a series of wars agains the hittites

ramses II

what took place in 1287BC

the battle of kadesh bettween new kingdom (Ramses II) and the hittite empire under muwatalli II

who invaded egypt after the end of new kingdom

sea people-philistines

conquered egypt in 525BC

cambyses

conqured persia and entered egypt as liberator

alexander the great was proclaimed god

who made egypt strong again

Ptolemy I under the ptolemaic dynasty

egypt lost everything and beacem a roman province

31BC, Batlle of actium

who was cyrus the great

founder of persia and the achaemenid dynasty, he expanded persia from asia minor to the indus river

allowed jews to return from the babylonian captivity to judae

cyrus the great

what did darius I do, when did he rule

conquered asia minor and tried to win the Greek city states 522-486 BC

fought against the greek withoout succes

Xerxes I, 486-464BC

334 BC

alexander invaded persia ruled by darius III and by 330BC proclaimed himself king of persia

The king of the kings was an absoulute ruler…

oriental despotism is a rule that showed obedience to him by proskynesis

administrative units in persian empire

satrapives

satraps goverend strapives

kings lieutenant who help power over civilian and army affairs

satrap served…

tax collecter, chief and judge of province

secret service that informed the king of affairs and conspiracies

eyes and ears of the king

who made persepolis the capital

darius I

royal road

sardes asia minor—-susa persia, post and trade

pony express

caravans, efficient mail delivery. persia——mediterrenaen sea

dareikos

golden coin with darius I figure

earliest know inhabitants of india

dravidians

where did the indian civilazation begin

indus valley

oldest cities of india

mohenjo-dara, harappa 1922

when was indus over

second millenium BC

who came to india from the central asia and when

aryans and in the middle of the second milllenium BC

the code of manu

manu was the man who systemazed the religious and soical laws

caste

strict social class determined by birth

the oldest chinese cultures developed in…

valleys yellow (hang ho) and yangtze rivers

the oldest chinese dynasty

xia

the first one to be highlighted - china

shang

shang dynasty

oldest written records of chinese history, Shang kingom centered in Huang He Vallley, creation of bronze vessels

zhou dynasty

people of westren china, controlled only part of northern china, east-authority to certain followers→lords of semi-independent states, age of warring states

qin dynasty-the age of empire

221BC qin state defeated all rivals and established chinas first empire controlled by a strong central goverment, to keep out invadors shi huangdi built the great wall of china, taxed chinese a lot to support his military campaigns and the building

han dynasty

wu-ti made china an economic and army power, extended teritory, golden age of china

china had very developed…

agruculture, crafts and trade

sericulture

breeding silkworm to get silk-main export product

they also produced.. -china

porcelain, china-ware

china invented..

pictorial script, paper, compass and gunpowder

THE SILK ROAD

major trade route for carrying silk and other luxury goods from china to the middle east and mediterranean

in persia king built palaces in..

persepolis, susa and parsagadae

phonecia was the name given by greeks to..

the coastal strip of lebanon, syria and israel

phoenicians lived in…

city states, independent

the most famous city states were..

tyre,sidon,byblos,ugarit,berit

phoenicians were engaged in …

mining, crafts, trade, shipbuilding and navigation

what did phoe. export

wine and ceder wood

they were famous for.. phoe

purple dye and red textile

phoenicians established …. where

colonies all across mediterranean sea, from cyprus to spain

carthage

the greatest of all colonies, founede in 814BC by people from tyre

who were jews

people who migrated from the uper mesopotamia to canaan n the beginning of the 2nd millenimum

what kind of people were the jews

nomads led by tribal leaders- the patriarchs

who was sold to slavery in egypt and what did he do

patriarch joseph, invited the israelites to egypt, after famine struck canaan

who enslaved them

egyptian pharaon

the exodus

god helped them escape slavery and moses led them out of egypt

moses is..

a great leader, prophet and founder of judaism and laws

what happened in canaan

they fought the locals ant the philistines and finally settled in the place of the canaanites and established their tribal confederacy led by judges

what did the first king do

saul fought the philistines and managed to unite jewish tribes only partially

what did david do

also fought the sea people, united all the tribes and conquered the new seat of his power-jerusalem

what was jerusalem

the political and religous center

davids heir (name) did what

solomon made trade with neighbours and bbuilt the holy temple dedicated to yahweh

what is solomon best knnown for

building activites- cities, fortifications, royal palace and Temple and he encouraged economic development through trade with phoenicians

what happened after solomons death

split into two states- kingdom of israel(N) and kingdom of judah(S)

israel

10 tribes, Samaria, sargon II conquered israel and samaria, 722BC assyrian captivity(jews were exiled)

judah

2 tribes, jerusalem, 587BC babylonial exile() nebuchanezzer II destroyed the temmple in jerusalem and took many jews to babylonia as prisionors

who helped jews return to jerusalem and rebuild temple, when

539BC cyrus the great, persia

who was the first to use the script and which one

sumerians, cuniform

what was used as a scrabes tool

sharpened reed with a wedge sharpened point

how did the scribes write

pressed the point into moist clay to create pictograms, let it bake in the sun to preserve

the behistun inscription

multilingual inscription and large rck relief on a cliff at mount behinstun, westren Iran

in what languages was the inscription written

old persian, elamite, akkadian

what helped the scientist dicpher the cuniform

interscription

20,000 clay tablets

the library of ashurbanipal at niniveh

what did the library of ashur include in its compositions

legislation, foreign correspondence and engagements, hyms to various gods

a masterpiece of ancient babylonian poetry

the epic of gilgamesh

hieroglyphic script

“sacred carving“, used for important documents,on stone by carving, painting on wall or wood, on papyrus with cane stick

hieratic script

used by priest in the transcription of religious texts, simpler form of hiero.

demotic script

for everyday use(common people),

hieroglyphs were deciphered…

1822 by jean-franqois champollion using rosseta stone

what alphabet was used to write in the rosseta stone

hieroglyphs, demotic and greek

400 symbols

indian script

most famous indian script

sanskrit

the vedas

oldest literary and religious document of india, collection of hymns in an archaic form of sanskrit