Developmental Psychology-for final

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/61

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

62 Terms

1
New cards

Kohlberg's stages of moral development

A comprehensive theory that outlines the process of moral reasoning through three overarching stages: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional, which are further divided into six specific levels.

2
New cards

Pre-consequential reasoning

A level in moral development where decision-making is primarily influenced by potential personal benefits or consequences, often seen in younger children.

3
New cards

Conventional reasoning

A level in moral development where moral decisions are governed by adherence to societal norms, rules, and expectations.

4
New cards

Post-consequential reasoning

A level in moral development characterized by decisions that transcend societal norms, focusing instead on universal principles of justice and human rights.

5
New cards

Authoritative parenting style

A balanced parenting approach that combines responsiveness and demandingness, typically associated with children exhibiting higher cognitive and social competence.

6
New cards

Wear and tear model of aging

A biological theory positing that aging results from cumulative damage to cells and tissues over time, akin to the wear and tear on machinery.

7
New cards

Stochastic aging

A theory suggesting that the aging process is largely the result of random occurrences and environmental stressors that lead to cellular damage.

8
New cards

Cell repair and replication model

A theory stating that there is a finite number of times a human cell can replicate before it enters senescence, which contributes to aging.

9
New cards

LAD (Language Acquisition Device)

A hypothetical brain mechanism proposed by Noam Chomsky that enables infants to acquire language rapidly and instinctively.

10
New cards

Skinner's operant conditioning

A behavioral learning theory formulated by B.F. Skinner that explains how behavior is shaped by reinforcement or punishment in response to actions.

11
New cards

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A motivational theory in psychology that illustrates human needs arranged in a pyramid, starting from basic physiological needs and progressing to self-actualization.

12
New cards

Freudian theory

An influential psychological theory posited by Sigmund Freud, addressing the dynamics of the conscious and unconscious mind, particularly the conflicts among the ego, superego, and id.

13
New cards

Inventionist theory

A theoretical framework that asserts that technological advancements drive societal changes and development trajectories.

14
New cards

Social tragedy

An adverse scenario in which social or environmental factors, such as maternal substance use during pregnancy, lead to detrimental effects on child development.

15
New cards

Critical period in development

A designated timeframe during which a child must experience particular stimuli or events to develop normally; otherwise, such development may be impaired.

16
New cards

Operational theory

An approach in psychology that underscores the significance of clearly defined concepts and measurable outcomes when studying behaviors.

17
New cards

Humanism

A psychological perspective emphasizing individual potential for self-fulfillment and personal growth, focusing on human needs and values.

18
New cards

Abstract thinking

The cognitive ability to consider concepts and ideas that are not directly observable or tied to tangible objects or experiences.

19
New cards

Societal norms

Collectively accepted behaviors and standards that dictate how individuals in a society are expected to act.

20
New cards

Cognitive development

The process by which a person evolves their ability to think, reason, and understand through various stages of childhood.

21
New cards

Dilemma (in Kohlberg's study)

A scenario in which individuals face a moral choice that weighs conflicting ethical principles, used to assess moral reasoning.

22
New cards

Parenting style

The overall strategies and emotional environment fostered by parents to raise their children, significantly influencing their development.

23
New cards

Functional limitations

The reduced capability of individuals, often due to aging or health conditions, to complete daily activities effectively.

24
New cards

Cell replication limit

The maximum number of divisions a human cell can undertake before it ceases to function optimally, contributing to aging.

25
New cards

Altruism

The selfless concern and action taken for the benefit of others, often regarded as a virtue in ethical discussions.

26
New cards

Ethics

The set of moral principles that guide behavior and decision-making for individuals and communities.

27
New cards

Values

Foundational beliefs and principles that shape an individual's behavior and choices in life.

28
New cards

Moral reasoning

The cognitive process involved in evaluating and determining what is right or wrong, informed by moral principles.

29
New cards

Diversity in ethical perspectives

The wide array of moral viewpoints influenced by varying cultural, social, and individual experiences and beliefs.

30
New cards

Cognitive dissonance

The psychological discomfort that arises from holding conflicting beliefs or values, prompting an individual to seek harmony or justification.

31
New cards

Sociocultural factors

The interplay of social and cultural influences that shape individual behaviors, values, and development across different settings.

32
New cards

Developmental psychology

The scientific study focused on the changes in human behavior, abilities, and learning processes throughout the lifespan.

33
New cards

Adolescence

A significant developmental stage characterized by the transition from childhood to adulthood, marked by physical, emotional, and social changes.

34
New cards

Attachment theory

A psychological framework exploring how the emotional bond between a parent and child can affect future relationships and emotional well-being.

35
New cards

Empathy

The capacity to recognize, understand, and share the feelings and emotions of others.

36
New cards

Self-actualization

The process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential and capabilities, often seen as the pinnacle of personal development.

37
New cards

Crisis of faith

A period of deep questioning and doubt regarding one's beliefs or values, often leading to personal reflection and growth.

38
New cards

Resilience

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties and adapt positively to challenging situations.

39
New cards

Societal expectations

The assumptions and standards imposed by society regarding how individuals should think, behave, and interact.

40
New cards

Identity development

The ongoing process by which a person develops a distinct self-concept and sense of individuality in relation to social contexts.

41
New cards

Cognitive abilities

A broad range of mental capacities related to reasoning, problem-solving, and planning, which contribute to overall intelligence.

42
New cards

Behaviorism

A theoretical approach in psychology emphasizing the study of observable behaviors and responses to environmental stimuli.

43
New cards

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A psychotherapeutic approach that assists individuals in changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors to improve emotional regulation.

44
New cards

Aging population

A demographic shift indicated by an increasing proportion of older individuals within a population, presenting societal implications.

45
New cards

Neuroplasticity

The brain's inherent ability to reorganize and form new neural pathways, allowing for learning and adaptation throughout life.

46
New cards

Emotional intelligence

The skill set that enables individuals to identify, interpret, manage, and utilize emotional information effectively.

47
New cards

Risk factors

Specific characteristics or environmental conditions that elevate the likelihood of developing health problems or challenges.

48
New cards

Developmental milestones

Key behavioral and physical achievements expected at various stages of child development.

49
New cards

Cultural competency

The capability to effectively engage with and understand individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

50
New cards

Peer influence

The impact that peers exert on an individual's behavior, which can significantly affect social development and choices.

51
New cards

Socialization

The process through which individuals learn and internalize the shared norms, values, and customs of their society.

52
New cards

Cognitive load

The amount of mental effort currently being utilized in working memory, impacting learning and performance.

53
New cards

Moral dilemmas

Situations wherein a person confronts conflicting ethical obligations, necessitating a decision about which principle to prioritize.

54
New cards

Protective factors

Circumstances or attributes that help shield individuals from exposure to risk and adversity.

55
New cards

Life course perspective

An analytical approach that examines an individual's life trajectory within the social and historical contexts affecting their development.

56
New cards

Intervention strategies

Planned methods and actions implemented to bring about positive behavioral changes and support development.

57
New cards

Social skills training

Educational programs designed to enhance interpersonal skills and improve how individuals interact with others.

58
New cards

Support systems

Networks of relationships that provide psychological, emotional, or practical assistance to individuals.

59
New cards

Mental health

The emotional, psychological, and social well-being that affects how individuals think, feel, and act, influencing overall life quality.

60
New cards

Emotional regulation

The ability to monitor, manage, and respond effectively to one's emotional experiences, promoting psychological health.

61
New cards

Resilience factors

Personal traits or external conditions that enable individuals to effectively withstand and recover from hardship and adversity.

62
New cards

Cognitive flexibility

The mental capacity to adapt one's thinking by switching between different concepts and considering multiple aspects of a scenario.