ETHICS: THE FINAL BATTLE

Globalization

Globalization

is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture.

economics, politics, culture

Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of ______________, ___________, and ___________.

Globalization

It is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Globalization

It is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

people, companies, governments

Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among ____________, _____________, and ___________________ worldwide.

18th century

Globalization has accelerated since the ___________________ due to advances in transportation and communication technology.

Globalization

is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects.

disputes and diplomacy

However, ______________________________ are also large parts of the history of globalization, and of modern globalization.

Globalization

is the free movement of goods, services and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner.

The Moral Challenge of Globalization

demands a fundamental change in values, focusing on human security, democracy, and economic justice.

change in values, focusing on human security, democracy, and economic justice

The Moral Challenge of Globalization demands a fundamental ___________________, __________________________, __________________, and ______________________.

more compassionate, humane, and peaceful world

By thinking globally and acting collectively, each of us must contribute to building a more _____________________, __________, and _____________________.

(1) The rise of radical inequality, (2) The problem in managing the global environment to prevent global ecological collapse, (3) The intrusion of international economic organizations on indebted nations

The Moral Challenge of Globalization

rich, poor

As the world becomes more technologically advanced, the gap between the _______ and the __________ is becoming even more pronounced.

global financial scenario

The ________________________ is that wealth is concentrated in the hands of the few, while it leaves the majority in poverty. Some people benefit at the expense of others.

wealth, poverty

The global financial scenario is that _________ is concentrated in the hands of the few, while it leaves the majority in _____________. Some people benefit at the expense of others.

Globalization

is used by advanced capitalist countries to perpetuate their political and economic leadership or dominance.

consequentialist, deontological

Both the _________________ and __________________ perspectives find globalization morally condemnable.

Consequentialism

is an action considered right or wrong based on the results of the action.

ethical argument

The ________________________ against globalization is that it fails to maximize happiness for the greatest number of people.

Deontological perspective

is an approach to ethics that looks at the rightness and wrongness of the action itself.

end in themselves

Globalization will be condemned on the account that exploited populations are treated as a means to an end and not as an ________________________.

Today's World

____________________ is confronted by a host of environmental problems with potential planetary consequences. The ozone layer is rapidly depleting.

Global Warming

has created a chain of extreme changes in weather conditions.

ecosystem

The _______________ worldwide is experiencing rapid reduction in the number of species.

industrial activity

Even though _____________________ is mostly confined in the West and recently in some parts of Asia, the entire world is suffering from the effects of climate change.

climate change

Even though industrial activity is mostly confined in the West and recently in some parts of Asia, the entire world is suffering from the effects of ___________________.

advanced capitalist countries

Thus, while the ______________________________ enjoy the benefits of industrialization, the rest of the world is forced to share in the negative consequences resulting from industrial activity.

industrialization

Thus, while the advanced capitalist countries enjoy the benefits of _______________________, the rest of the world is forced to share in the negative consequences resulting from industrial activity.

Exacerbating

means “worsening a problem”

Mcleish, 2010

“Exacerbating (worsening a problem) the global environmental problems is the explosive human population growth threatening to exceed the Earth's capacity to support.”

International Financial Institutions

are corporations that act as a mediator to bring about an agreement.

International Financial Institutions

These types of institutions typically deal with lending money to countries so they can implement their developmental plans, programs, and projects.

development plans, programs, projects

These types of institutions typically deal with lending money to countries so they can implement their ______________________, _____________, and _____________.

World Bank, International Monetary Fund

The largest international financial institutions are the ________________ and the ____________________________.

Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA

The largest international financial institutions are the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. These institutions were established in ______________________________ in the 1944 United Nations Monetary Financial Conference participated in by all World War 11 allied nations.

1944 United Nations Monetary Financial Conference

The largest international financial institutions are the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. These institutions were established in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire USA in the ____________________________________________________ participated in by all World War 11 allied nations.

Bretton Woods Agreement

These institutions were established in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire USA in the 1944 United Nations Monetary Financial Conference participated in by all World War 11 allied nations. This resulted in the __________________________________ wherein the US dollar was established as the global currency (Bordo and Eichengree, 2007).

International Financial Institutions

______________________________ are seen to have become so powerful it can forcibly impose economic policies on societies such as state, nation, and government in different parts of the globe.

Global Ethic Perspective

assumes that a set of shared ethical values and standards will help lessen social injustices committed by a large global community; and that ethics is indispensable for peace and justice

Professor Rachels

enumerated three universal values shared by all cultures

caring for the young, murder is wrong, tell the truth

Professor Rachels enumerated three universal values shared by all cultures. These are:

Moral Absolutism

is the ethical belief that actions can be judged as right or wrong based on absolute standards regardless of the situational background or framework of the act.

Moral Absolutism

It holds that there is a fundamental moral law inherent to the universe.

fundamental moral law

Moral Absolutism holds that there is a ______________________________ inherent to the universe.

Pluralism

as a process, refers to ways of recognition.

Pluralism

It is a state of society in which members of diverse ethnic, racial, religious, or social groups maintain an autonomous participation in and development of their traditional culture or special interest within the confines of a common civilization.

Philosophy

In ________________, Pluralism is the theory that there is more than one basic substance or principle.

Ethics

In ___________, Pluralism is the supposition that there are many independent sources of value and that there is no single truth, even in moral matters.

Political Philosophy, Pluralism Project at Harvard University, USA

In _________________________, pluralists from the ____________________________________ claimed that:

1. Pluralism is not diversity alone, but the energetic engagement with diversity.

2. Pluralism is not just tolerance, but the active seeking of understanding across lines of difference.

3. Pluralism is not relativism, but the encounter of commitments.

4. Pluralism is based on dialogue.

Moral Pluralist

would conclude that there is no definitive way to decide which is the better course of moral action.

Ethical Pluralism

is the idea that values may be equally correct, and that there is no single moral system that can objectively judge an action to be right or wrong.

Moral Pluralist

It declares that it is sometimes difficult to choose between competing values.

Fundamentalism

is an approach to religion that literally and strictly adheres to their religious doctrines.

The Fundamentalist Mindset

A collection of essays entitled ________________________________ laid out the psychological structure or features of fundamentalism.

Dualistic Thinking

Fundamentalists are inclined to see the world in clear categories. You are either good or bad, right or wrong, for them or against them. There is no room for context or probabilities in a fundamentalist's view.

Cult Leadership

Fundamentalist groups are usually founded by a charismatic leader who is able to wield total devotion from followers.

loyalty, commitment

Members are fully immersed and committed to their religious doctrine. ______________ and ________________ is not only expected, it is demanded.

Fundamentalism

is a kind of Moral Absolutism but in a radical way.

Moral Absolutism

is an assertion that human beings should base their behavior on universal values or as Kant prescribed goodwill without conditions.

goodwill without conditions

Moral Absolutism is an assertion that human beings should base their behavior on universal values or as Kant prescribed __________________________.

Traditionalists

Those born from 1900 to 1945.

Traditionalists

The generation that lived through two World Wars whose formative years were that of survival.

Baby Boomers

Those born from 1946-1964.

Baby Boomers

They are called _____________________ because of the significant increase of population in their generation.

Generation X

Those born from 1965-1980.

Generation X

The generation born in the era of video games and computers.

Millennials

Those born from 1981-2000.

Millennials

They are also called the digital natives being born in the digital and internet age.

Generation Z or iGeneration

Those born from 2001 to the present, the era of individualized mobile technologies such as smartphones, tablets, iPad, iPhone, etc.