comprog ( methods, arrays, strings )

method

a named sequence of instructions grouped together to perform a task.

java’s predefined methods

built-in methods like sqrt() that perform specific operations.

argument

a value supplied to a method when it is called.

returned value

the value computed and returned by a method.

method header

the definition of a method, including return type, name, and parameter list.

return type

specifies the data type of the value returned by a method.

parameter list

enumerates the number and type of arguments a method requires.

formal parameters

names in the parameter list that represent the expected arguments.

writing your own methods

defining custom methods that may accept arguments and return values.

methods that return a value

methods that process input and return a computed result.

void methods

methods that perform a task but do not return a value.

local variables

variables declared within a method that exist only within that method.

arrays

a collection of variables of the same type, accessed using a single variable name and an index.

index

the position of an element in an array, starting from zero.

array object

the array itself, which can be referenced using its variable name without an index.

array length

the fixed number of elements an array can hold, accessed using the length field.

base type

the data type of elements stored in an array, such as int or String.

array declaration

the process of defining an array, specifying its type and variable name.

array instantiation

the creation of an array object with a specified length using new.

array initialization

assigning values to array elements, either individually or using shorthand notation.

arraycopy method

a method from the System class used to copy elements from one array to another.

for loops with arrays

loops used to process or populate array elements efficiently.

= operator with arrays

assigns one array reference to another, making them share the same memory location.

== operator with arrays

compares the memory addresses of arrays rather than their contents.

comparing arrays

checking if two arrays are equal by comparing their contents rather than their references.

string class

a reference type in java that represents sequences of characters.

string literal

a sequence of characters enclosed in quotation marks.

escape sequence

a combination of characters used to represent special characters in strings.

concatenation

combining strings using the + operator.

parse methods

methods in primitive wrapper classes that convert string values to numeric types.

equals method

a method used to compare the contents of two strings.

equalsIgnoreCase method

a method that compares two strings without considering case differences.

immutable object

an object that cannot be changed after it is created, such as a string.

length method

a method that returns the number of characters in a string, including spaces.

toLowerCase method

converts all characters in a string to lowercase.

toUpperCase method

converts all characters in a string to uppercase.

trim method

removes whitespace characters from the beginning and end of a string.

charAt method

extracts a character from a specific position in a string.

substring method

extracts a portion of a string based on specified start and end positions.

replace method

replaces part of a string that matches a given pattern with another text.