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17 Terms

1
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primary function of the lymphatic system

To drain excess interstitial fluid, transport dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, and facilitate immune responses.

2
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innate immunity

The defense mechanisms that are present at birth, including skin, phagocytes, and inflammation.

3
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2 types of humo

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

4
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What are lymph nodes responsible for?

Filtering lymph, detecting, and destroying microbes.

5
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What is chyle?

The fluid in lacteals that is white and viscous due to the presence of lipids.

6
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What do T-cells do in the immune response?

They directly kill infected cells and help activate other immune cells.

7
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What is the role of interferons in the immune response?

Produced by viral-infected cells to prevent viral replication in neighboring cells.

8
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What is inflammation?

A tissue response to injury characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

9
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What is the purpose of a fever in the immune response?

To make the body less favorable for pathogens and to accelerate tissue repair.

10
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What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?

Membrane proteins that help T lymphocytes recognize foreign antigens.

11
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How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?

Adaptive immunity is specific to particular pathogens and involves memory, while innate immunity is a general response to all pathogens.

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What triggers clonal selection in T-cells during an immune response?

The recognition of a specific antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell (APC).

13
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What types of substances can act as antigens?

Any substance that can provoke an immune response, including microbes and transplanted tissues.

14
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What is the function of B-cells in the immune response?

They differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

15
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What happens during the second exposure to a pathogen in the immune system?

The memory cells respond more rapidly and robustly, preventing illness.

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What are antibodies?

Proteins produced by B-cells that bind to specific antigens to neutralize or destroy them.

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What does vaccination aim to achieve in the immune system?

To expose the body to a weakened or dead pathogen to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells without causing illness.