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dNTPs
nucleotide units that are linked together by DNA polymerases
single strand binding proteins
keep DNA single stranded
DNA gyrase
a kind of topoisomerase, keeps DNA from becoming positively supercoiled while its being unwound
DNA polymerase 3
the main replication enzyme in E. coli to synthesize DNA
primase
type of RNA polymerase that makes RNA primers
primers
starting point for DNA synthesis, short structures of nucleotides
termination of replication
when 2 replication forks meet or by termination protein
semiconservative replication
one old strand and one new strand of DNA
replicons
units of replication, replication origin
prokaryotic replication
circular DNA, one replicon
eukaryotic DNA
linear DNA, thousands of origins, many replicons
minimum requirements of replication
template stand, raw material, DNA polymerases, primer
leading strand
undergoes continuous replication
lagging stand
undergoes discontinuous replication
okazaki fragments
the discontinuously synthesized short DNA fragments forming the lagging strand
DNA helicase
unwinds the double helix
DNA ligase
enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together
DNA polymerase I
removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
initiator proteins
bind to origin and separate strands of DNA to initiate replication
exonuclease activity
removes incorrectly paired base pairs
mismatch repair
corrects errors after replication is complete, original strand is marked
Note
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