AP Music Theory

which chords must scale degree 4 and 7 never be doubled in?

Dominant and fully diminished chords

What must the soprano do during a harmonic perfect fifth

Move out by step

What are the 3 types of strong harmonic movement?

-Descending 5ths

-Descending 3rds

-Ascending 2nds

What is the likely opening progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 1-2-3

I - V (6/4) - I (6)

What is the likely opening progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 1-7-1

I - V (6) - I

What is the likely opening progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 1-1-1

I - IV (6/4) - I

What is the likely opening progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 1-5-3

I - V - I (6)

What is the likely opening progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 1-6-7-1

I - IV (6) - V (6) - 1

What is the likely progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 1-3-4-1

I - I (6) - IV - I

What is a Perfect Authentic Cadence

V - 1 in which the root is doubled in the soprano

What are the three types of conclusive cadences?

PAC, IAC, and Plagal

What is the likely closing progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 4-5-5-1

ii° (6) - I (6/4) - V (7) - I

What is the likely closing progression if the bass moves from scale degrees 4-5-6

ii° (6) - plagal cadence

or

ii° (6) - deceptive cadence

What three chords function as a predominant

ii (6), IV, ii

What is the maximum interval between any two voices (expect bass and tenor)

octave

What is the defining characteristic of closed structure?

Less than an octave between the soprano and tenor

What is the defining characteristic of open structure?

More than an octave between the soprano and tenor

How does one switch from closed structure to open structure?

Move the note in the alto voice down an octave to the tenor voice, and move the note in the tenor voice to the alto voice (but keeping the same octave)

Passing 6-4 Chord

The bass note of the six-four chord creates a smooth passing tone between the previous and next chords.

Pedal 6-4 Chord

The bass not is repeated throughout, with the six-four chord “sandwiched” in between the two other chords

What must you double in a 6/4 chord?

the fifth

What is the main characteristic of a Phrygian half cadence

descent by step in the bass